Beryllium, chromium, hafnium, rhenium, thallium, cadmium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, indium and niobium (columbium), articles of these metals, including waste and scrap

HS v2022 Code: 8112

About beryllium, chromium, hafnium, rhenium, thallium, cadmium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, indium and niobium (columbium), articles of these metals, including waste and scrap

HS code 8112 covers a diverse range of rare and specialty metals, including beryllium, chromium, hafnium, rhenium, thallium, cadmium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, indium, and niobium (columbium). These metals possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them essential in various industrial applications, from aerospace engineering to electronics manufacturing. The trade and production of these metals play a crucial role in the global economy, supporting technological innovation and industrial development across numerous sectors.

Production process

The production of the metals covered under HS code 8112 typically involves complex metallurgical processes, such as mineral extraction, smelting, and refining. Depending on the specific metal, production techniques may include electrolytic separation, chemical precipitation, or vacuum distillation. These processes aim to extract and purify the desired metals from their ores or other raw materials, ensuring consistent quality and purity for various industrial applications.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of the metals under HS code 8112 include mineral ores, various chemical reagents, specialized equipment, and skilled labor. The availability and accessibility of these raw materials, as well as the technological capabilities and infrastructure of the producing countries, play a significant role in the global supply and pricing of these specialty metals.

Production outputs

The metals covered under HS code 8112 are widely used in a variety of industries, including 8401 Nuclear reactors, fuel elements, machinery, and parts thereof, 8501 Electric motors and generators, 8517 Telephone sets, including telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks, and 9001 Optical fibers and optical fiber bundles; optical fiber cables. These metals are essential components in the production of high-tech products, advanced materials, and critical infrastructure, making them crucial for technological progress and economic development.

Family tree for beryllium, chromium, hafnium, rhenium, thallium, cadmium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, indium and niobium (columbium), articles of these metals, including waste and scrap

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/81'>81: Metals; n.e.c., cermets and articles thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8112'>8112: Beryllium, chromium, hafnium, rhenium, thallium, cadmium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, indium and niobium (columbium), articles of these metals, including waste and scrap</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8101'>8101: Tungsten (wolfram); articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8102'>8102: Molybdenum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8103'>8103: Tantalum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8104'>8104: Magnesium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8105'>8105: Cobalt; mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy, cobalt and articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8106'>8106: Bismuth; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8108'>8108: Titanium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8109'>8109: Zirconium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8110'>8110: Antimony; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8111'>8111: Manganese; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8113'>8113: Cermets; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]

    B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811212'>811212: Beryllium and articles thereof; unwrought beryllium, powders</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811213'>811213: Beryllium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811219'>811219: Beryllium and articles thereof; wrought other than waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811221'>811221: Chromium and articles thereof; unwrought chromium, powders</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811222'>811222: Chromium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811229'>811229: Chromium and articles thereof; wrought other than waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811231'>811231: Hafnium and articles thereof; unwrought, powders, waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811239'>811239: Hafnium and articles thereof; wrought, other than powders, waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811241'>811241: Rhenium and articles thereof; unwrought, powders, waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811249'>811249: Rhenium and articles thereof; wrought, other than powders, waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811251'>811251: Thallium and articles thereof; unwrought thallium, powders</a>"]
B --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811252'>811252: Thallium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811259'>811259: Thallium and articles thereof; other than unwrought thallium, powders or waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> BA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811261'>811261: Cadmium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> BB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811269'>811269: Cadmium; other than waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> BC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811292'>811292: Gallium, germanium, indium, niobium (columbium) and vanadium; articles thereof, unwrought, including waste and scrap, powders</a>"]
B --> BD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811299'>811299: Gallium, germanium, indium, niobium (columbium) and vanadium; articles thereof, other than unwrought including waste and scrap and powders</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level6
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6
class R level6
class S level6
class T level6
class U level6
class V level6
class W level6
class X level6
class Y level6
class Z level6
class BA level6
class BB level6
class BC level6
class BD level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight