Zirconium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap

HS v2022 Code: 8109

About zirconium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap

HS code 8109 covers zirconium and articles made from it, including waste and scrap. Zirconium is a lustrous, gray-white, strong transition metal that is highly resistant to corrosion. It has a wide range of industrial applications, particularly in the nuclear, chemical, and aerospace industries, making it an important commodity in the global trade of specialty metals and alloys.

Production process

Zirconium is primarily produced through the Kroll process, which involves the reduction of zirconium chloride with magnesium. The resulting zirconium sponge is then melted and cast into ingots or other forms. Zirconium articles are manufactured through various metalworking techniques, such as forging, rolling, and machining, depending on the specific product requirements.

Production inputs

The main inputs for the zirconium industry include zirconium ore (typically in the form of zircon sand), chlorine, and magnesium for the production of zirconium metal. Specialized equipment, such as furnaces, casting molds, and metalworking machinery, are also essential inputs for the manufacturing of zirconium articles.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of the zirconium industry include zirconium metal, zirconium alloys, and various zirconium-based products, such as 8108 Titanium; articles thereof, 8107 Cadmium; articles thereof, and 8110 Antimony; articles thereof. These outputs are widely used in nuclear reactors, chemical processing equipment, aerospace components, and other high-performance applications.

Family tree for zirconium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/81'>81: Metals; n.e.c., cermets and articles thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8109'>8109: Zirconium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8101'>8101: Tungsten (wolfram); articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8102'>8102: Molybdenum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8103'>8103: Tantalum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8104'>8104: Magnesium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8105'>8105: Cobalt; mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy, cobalt and articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8106'>8106: Bismuth; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8108'>8108: Titanium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8110'>8110: Antimony; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8111'>8111: Manganese; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8112'>8112: Beryllium, chromium, hafnium, rhenium, thallium, cadmium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, indium and niobium (columbium), articles of these metals, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8113'>8113: Cermets; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]

    B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/810921'>810921: Zirconium; unwrought, powders, containing less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/810929'>810929: Zirconium; unwrought, powders, containing not less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/810931'>810931: Zirconium; waste and scrap, containing less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/810939'>810939: Zirconium; waste and scrap, containing not less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/810991'>810991: Zirconium; other than unwrought, n.e.c. in heading no. 8109, containing less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/810999'>810999: Zirconium; other than unwrought, n.e.c. in heading no. 8109, containing not less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level6
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6
class R level6
class S level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight