Hafnium and articles thereof; wrought, other than powders, waste and scrap
HS v2022 Code: 811239
About hafnium and articles thereof; wrought, other than powders, waste and scrap
HS code 811239 covers the trade of hafnium and articles made from it, excluding powders, waste, and scrap. Hafnium is a rare, silvery-gray metal with high thermal neutron absorption, making it a crucial material in the nuclear industry. Its unique properties also make it valuable in various high-tech applications, including electronics, optics, and aerospace engineering. As a specialized industrial metal, the trade of hafnium plays an important role in supporting technological innovation and development across multiple sectors of the global economy.
Production process
Hafnium is primarily produced through the extraction and purification of zirconium ores, as hafnium and zirconium naturally occur together. The production process typically involves several steps, including mineral concentration, chemical separation, and metallurgical refining to obtain high-purity hafnium metal. Wrought hafnium articles are then manufactured through various metalworking techniques, such as casting, forging, rolling, and machining, depending on the specific end-use requirements.
Production inputs
The main inputs required for the production of hafnium and hafnium articles include zirconium ores, as well as specialized equipment and machinery for mineral processing, chemical separation, and metalworking. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce with expertise in materials science, engineering, and advanced manufacturing processes.
Production outputs
The primary outputs of HS code 811239 are wrought hafnium products, which find applications in the nuclear industry, electronics, and advanced engineering. Hafnium is used in control rods for nuclear reactors due to its high thermal neutron absorption, as well as in semiconductor devices, optical coatings, and specialized alloys. The outputs of this industry may be consumed by other HS codes, such as 840110 Nuclear reactors, 854231 Processors and controllers, and 902290 Parts and accessories for instruments and appliances, among others.
Revisions to 811239
Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 811239. The most recent 1 version of this code (811239) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):
This page shows the most recent version of code 811239.
Family tree for hafnium and articles thereof; wrought, other than powders, waste and scrap
graph LR
A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/81'>81: Metals; n.e.c., cermets and articles thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8112'>8112: Beryllium, chromium, hafnium, rhenium, thallium, cadmium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, indium and niobium (columbium), articles of these metals, including waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811239'>811239: Hafnium and articles thereof; wrought, other than powders, waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811212'>811212: Beryllium and articles thereof; unwrought beryllium, powders</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811213'>811213: Beryllium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811219'>811219: Beryllium and articles thereof; wrought other than waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811221'>811221: Chromium and articles thereof; unwrought chromium, powders</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811222'>811222: Chromium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811229'>811229: Chromium and articles thereof; wrought other than waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811231'>811231: Hafnium and articles thereof; unwrought, powders, waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811241'>811241: Rhenium and articles thereof; unwrought, powders, waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811249'>811249: Rhenium and articles thereof; wrought, other than powders, waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811251'>811251: Thallium and articles thereof; unwrought thallium, powders</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811252'>811252: Thallium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811259'>811259: Thallium and articles thereof; other than unwrought thallium, powders or waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811261'>811261: Cadmium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811269'>811269: Cadmium; other than waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811292'>811292: Gallium, germanium, indium, niobium (columbium) and vanadium; articles thereof, unwrought, including waste and scrap, powders</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811299'>811299: Gallium, germanium, indium, niobium (columbium) and vanadium; articles thereof, other than unwrought including waste and scrap and powders</a>"]
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classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
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classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px
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class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6
class R level6
class S level6
class C highlight
%% class A level1
%% class B,C level2
%% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
%% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
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