Gallium, germanium, indium, niobium (columbium) and vanadium; articles thereof, unwrought, including waste and scrap, powders

HS v2022 Code: 811292

About gallium, germanium, indium, niobium (columbium) and vanadium; articles thereof, unwrought, including waste and scrap, powders

HS code 811292 covers a diverse range of rare and specialty metals, including gallium, germanium, indium, niobium (columbium), and vanadium. These materials play a crucial role in the production of high-tech electronics, renewable energy technologies, and advanced industrial applications. The global trade in these specialized metals is an important component of the broader international supply chain, supporting innovation and technological progress across numerous industries.

Production process

The production of the materials covered under HS code 811292 typically involves complex metallurgical processes. Gallium, germanium, and indium are often extracted as by-products during the refining of other base metals, such as zinc or copper. Niobium is primarily mined from the mineral pyrochlore, while vanadium is recovered from steel slag or certain petroleum residues. Advanced smelting, refining, and purification techniques are employed to obtain the high-purity forms of these metals required for specialized applications.

Production inputs

The key inputs for the industries covered by HS code 811292 include mineral ores and concentrates, as well as various chemical reagents and energy sources required for the extraction and purification processes. Specialized equipment, such as smelters, furnaces, and refining machinery, is also essential for the production of these rare and specialty metals. Additionally, skilled labor with expertise in metallurgy and materials science plays a crucial role in maintaining the high-quality standards demanded by end-users.

Production outputs

The materials classified under HS code 811292 are primarily used as inputs for the manufacture of a wide range of high-tech products. Gallium, germanium, and indium are commonly used in the production of semiconductors, optoelectronic devices, and solar cells 854140 Photosensitive semiconductor devices, including photovoltaic cells whether or not assembled in modules or made up into panels; light-emitting diodes (LED. Niobium is used in the production of superalloys for aerospace applications, as well as in the manufacturing of superconducting magnets. Vanadium is a key component in the production of high-strength steel alloys 721050 Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of 600 mm or more, clad, plated or coated.

Revisions to 811292

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 811292. The most recent 1 version of this code (811292) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):

This page shows the most recent version of code 811292.

Family tree for gallium, germanium, indium, niobium (columbium) and vanadium; articles thereof, unwrought, including waste and scrap, powders

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/81'>81: Metals; n.e.c., cermets and articles thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8112'>8112: Beryllium, chromium, hafnium, rhenium, thallium, cadmium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, indium and niobium (columbium), articles of these metals, including waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811292'>811292: Gallium, germanium, indium, niobium (columbium) and vanadium; articles thereof, unwrought, including waste and scrap, powders</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811212'>811212: Beryllium and articles thereof; unwrought beryllium, powders</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811213'>811213: Beryllium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811219'>811219: Beryllium and articles thereof; wrought other than waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811221'>811221: Chromium and articles thereof; unwrought chromium, powders</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811222'>811222: Chromium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811229'>811229: Chromium and articles thereof; wrought other than waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811231'>811231: Hafnium and articles thereof; unwrought, powders, waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811239'>811239: Hafnium and articles thereof; wrought, other than powders, waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811241'>811241: Rhenium and articles thereof; unwrought, powders, waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811249'>811249: Rhenium and articles thereof; wrought, other than powders, waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811251'>811251: Thallium and articles thereof; unwrought thallium, powders</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811252'>811252: Thallium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811259'>811259: Thallium and articles thereof; other than unwrought thallium, powders or waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811261'>811261: Cadmium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811269'>811269: Cadmium; other than waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/811299'>811299: Gallium, germanium, indium, niobium (columbium) and vanadium; articles thereof, other than unwrought including waste and scrap and powders</a>"]

    

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class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6
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class R level6
class S level6

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