Yeasts (active or inactive); other single-cell micro-organisms, dead (but not including vaccines of heading no. 3002); prepared baking powders

HS code 2102 covers a diverse range of products that are essential for various industries, from food and beverage production to pharmaceuticals. This code encompasses active and inactive yeasts, other single-cell micro-organisms, and prepared baking powders. These products play a crucial role in the global economy, supporting industries that contribute significantly to economic growth and development.

The production of goods under HS code 2102 typically involves fermentation and cultivation processes. Active yeasts are produced by fermenting various carbohydrate sources, such as molasses or fruit juices, using specific strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Inactive yeasts, on the other hand, are produced by drying or heat-treating active yeasts. Other single-cell micro-organisms, such as bacteria and molds, are cultivated in controlled environments using specialized media and techniques. Prepared baking powders are manufactured by combining various leavening agents, such as sodium bicarbonate and cream of tartar, with other ingredients to create a ready-to-use product.

The main inputs required for the production of goods under HS code 2102 include carbohydrate sources (e.g., molasses, fruit juices), specialized microbial strains, cultivation media, drying or heat-treatment equipment, and various leavening agents and other ingredients for baking powder production. Additionally, the industry relies on advanced fermentation and cultivation technologies, as well as skilled personnel to manage the production processes.

The outputs of the industries covered by HS code 2102 are diverse and serve a wide range of applications. Active and inactive yeasts are used in the production of 2203 Beer made from malt, 2204 Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wines; grape must other than that of heading 2009, and 2208 Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of less than 80% vol.; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages. They are also used as leavening agents in the baking industry and as dietary supplements. Other single-cell micro-organisms may be used in the production of 3002 (Human blood; animal blood prepared for therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic uses; antisera, other blood fractions and immunological products, whether or not modified or obtained by means of biotechnological processes; vaccines, toxins, cultures of micro-organisms (excluding yeasts) and similar products). Prepared baking powders are primarily consumed by the food industry for the production of various baked goods.