Spices; saffron

HS code 091020 covers the trade of saffron, a highly prized spice derived from the dried stigmas of the saffron crocus plant. Saffron is one of the world's most expensive spices, valued for its distinct flavor, aroma, and vibrant color. The saffron industry plays a significant role in the global spice trade, with major producers and exporters located in countries like Iran, India, and Spain. Saffron's versatility in culinary, medicinal, and textile applications makes it an important commodity in the broader economy.

The production of saffron involves a labor-intensive manual harvesting process. The saffron crocus flowers bloom in the autumn, and their stigmas must be carefully hand-picked, dried, and processed to preserve the spice's unique properties. After harvesting, the stigmas are typically dried using traditional methods, such as exposure to sunlight or the use of specialized drying chambers. This careful processing is crucial to maintaining the spice's quality and potency.

The primary input for the saffron industry is the saffron crocus plant, which requires specific climatic conditions to thrive. Saffron cultivation also relies on skilled labor for the delicate harvesting and processing tasks. Additionally, producers may utilize specialized equipment, such as drying chambers and sorting machines, to ensure consistent quality and efficiency in their operations.

The primary output of the saffron industry is the dried saffron stigmas, which are used in a variety of applications. Saffron is widely used as a culinary spice, adding flavor and color to dishes such as paella, risotto, and various curries. It is also used in the production of 300610 Pharmaceutical preparations, 300490 Medicaments, and 590190 Textile fabrics, where it is valued for its medicinal properties and ability to impart color.