Spices; saffron

HS code 091020 covers the trade of saffron, a highly prized spice derived from the dried stigmas of the saffron crocus flower. Saffron is one of the world's most expensive spices, valued for its distinct flavor, aroma, and vibrant color. The saffron industry plays a significant role in the global spice trade, with major production centers located in countries like Iran, India, and Spain. As a versatile ingredient, saffron is widely used in various cuisines, as well as in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

The production of saffron involves a labor-intensive process. The saffron crocus flowers are hand-picked, and their stigmas are carefully removed and dried. This delicate process requires significant human labor, as the stigmas must be harvested shortly after the flowers bloom. Once dried, the saffron threads are sorted, graded, and packaged for distribution. The quality of saffron is largely determined by factors such as the region of origin, cultivation methods, and post-harvest handling.

The primary input for the saffron industry is the saffron crocus plant. Saffron cultivation requires specific climatic conditions, including a Mediterranean-like climate with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Additionally, the industry relies on skilled labor for the harvesting and processing of the saffron stigmas. Other inputs may include agricultural equipment, drying facilities, and packaging materials.

The primary output of the saffron industry is the dried saffron threads, which are used as a spice in various culinary applications. Saffron is commonly used in dishes such as paella, risotto, and various curries. Additionally, saffron is used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, where it is valued for its potential health benefits and coloring properties. The saffron industry's outputs may also be consumed by other industries, such as 091010 Spices; pepper of the genus Piper; pimento of the genus Capsicum or of the genus Pimenta and 330290 (Mixtures of odoriferous substances and mixtures (including alcoholic solutions) with a basis of one or more of these substances, of a kind used as raw materials in perfumery, food or other industries).