Metals; n.e.c., cermets and articles thereof

HS v2017 Code: 81

About metals; n.e.c., cermets and articles thereof

hs code 81 encompasses a diverse range of metals, cermets, and articles not classified elsewhere. This industry plays a crucial role in the global economy, providing essential raw materials and components for a wide array of industries, from construction and transportation to electronics and aerospace. The versatility and importance of these materials make hs code 81 a significant contributor to international trade and economic development.

Production process

The production techniques used in the hs code 81 industry vary depending on the specific metal or cermet being manufactured. Common methods include smelting, refining, casting, rolling, and forging. These processes involve the extraction, purification, and shaping of raw materials into finished products or semi-finished components. Advancements in technology have also introduced more efficient and environmentally-friendly production techniques, such as powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the hs code 81 industry include a variety of raw materials, such as 26 Ores, slag and ash, 72 Iron and steel, 74 Copper and articles thereof, 75 Nickel and articles thereof, and 76 Aluminum and articles thereof. Additionally, the industry relies on specialized machinery, equipment, and energy sources to facilitate the production and processing of these materials.

Production outputs

The outputs of the hs code 81 industry encompass a wide range of metal products, including bars, rods, wires, plates, sheets, and various fabricated articles. These outputs are then consumed by numerous other industries, such as 84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof, 85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles, and 86 (Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and parts thereof; railway or tramway track fixtures and fittings and parts thereof; mechanical (including electro-mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of all kinds).

Family tree for metals; n.e.c., cermets and articles thereof

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/81'>81: Metals; n.e.c., cermets and articles thereof</a>"]

    
    A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8101'>8101: Tungsten (wolfram); articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8102'>8102: Molybdenum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8103'>8103: Tantalum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8104'>8104: Magnesium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8105'>8105: Cobalt; mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy, cobalt and articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8106'>8106: Bismuth; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8107'>8107: Cadmium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8108'>8108: Titanium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8109'>8109: Zirconium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8110'>8110: Antimony; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8111'>8111: Manganese; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8112'>8112: Beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and thallium; and articles of these metals, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8113'>8113: Cermets; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]


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    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4

  class A highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class A highlight