Zirconium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap

HS v2017 Code: 8109

About zirconium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap

hs code 8109 covers a diverse range of zirconium-based products, including the metal itself as well as various articles and waste/scrap materials. Zirconium is a valuable and versatile element with a wide array of industrial applications, making this code an important part of the broader metals and minerals trade. From specialized ceramics and refractory materials to nuclear reactor components and jewelry, the zirconium industry plays a crucial role in supporting a range of manufacturing and technology sectors worldwide.

Production process

The production of zirconium and zirconium-based products typically involves several key steps. Zirconium ore, such as zircon or baddeleyite, is first extracted and processed to produce zirconium concentrates. These concentrates then undergo further refining and smelting to extract pure zirconium metal. Depending on the final application, the zirconium may be cast, forged, or otherwise fabricated into the desired articles and components.

Production inputs

The primary inputs for the zirconium industry include zirconium-bearing ores and minerals, as well as various alloying elements, fluxes, and other raw materials required for smelting and processing. Specialized equipment such as furnaces, rolling mills, and machining tools are also essential for the manufacturing of zirconium products. The industry relies on a skilled workforce with expertise in metallurgy, materials science, and advanced manufacturing techniques.

Production outputs

The outputs of the zirconium industry encompass a wide range of products, including 8101 Unwrought zirconium; zirconium waste and scrap, 8109 Zirconium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap, and 6903 Other refractory ceramic goods. These materials find applications in industries such as nuclear energy, chemical processing, electronics, and jewelry, among others. The zirconium industry's outputs are often consumed by manufacturers and producers across various 84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof, 85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles, and 71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewelry; coin codes.

Family tree for zirconium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/81'>81: Metals; n.e.c., cermets and articles thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8109'>8109: Zirconium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8101'>8101: Tungsten (wolfram); articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8102'>8102: Molybdenum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8103'>8103: Tantalum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8104'>8104: Magnesium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8105'>8105: Cobalt; mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy, cobalt and articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8106'>8106: Bismuth; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8107'>8107: Cadmium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8108'>8108: Titanium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8110'>8110: Antimony; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8111'>8111: Manganese; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8112'>8112: Beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and thallium; and articles of these metals, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8113'>8113: Cermets; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]

    B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/810920'>810920: Zirconium; unwrought, powders</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/810930'>810930: Zirconium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/810990'>810990: Zirconium; other than unwrought, n.e.c. in heading no. 8109</a>"]


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    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight