Titanium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap

HS v2017 Code: 8108

About titanium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap

hs code 8108 covers a wide range of titanium-based products, including raw titanium metal, titanium alloys, and various titanium articles. Titanium is a lightweight, strong, and corrosion-resistant metal that has become increasingly important in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and medical equipment. The global titanium market is expected to grow significantly in the coming years, driven by the rising demand for lightweight and durable materials across various sectors.

Production process

The production of titanium-based products typically involves several key steps. Titanium ore is first extracted and refined through a process called the Kroll process, which involves the reduction of titanium tetrachloride with magnesium. The resulting titanium sponge is then melted and cast into ingots or billets, which can be further processed through techniques such as forging, rolling, or extrusion to create a wide range of titanium products.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the titanium industry include titanium ore (such as ilmenite or rutile), reducing agents (like magnesium or sodium), and various alloying elements (such as aluminum, vanadium, or chromium) to enhance the properties of the final titanium products. Additionally, specialized equipment and machinery, such as furnaces, rolling mills, and forging presses, are essential for the various production stages.

Production outputs

The outputs of the titanium industry encompass a diverse range of products, including 7504 Unwrought titanium; titanium powders, 7505 Titanium bars, rods, profiles and wire, 7506 Titanium plates, sheets, strip and foil, and various titanium-based articles, such as aerospace components, medical implants, and industrial equipment. These titanium-based products are often used as inputs for other industries, such as 8401 (Nuclear reactors; fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated, for nuclear reactors), 8407 Spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines, and 9021 Orthopedic appliances, including crutches, surgical belts and trusses; splints and other fracture appliances; artificial parts of the body; hearing aids and other appliances which are worn or carried, or implanted in the body, to compensate for a defect or disability.

Family tree for titanium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/81'>81: Metals; n.e.c., cermets and articles thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8108'>8108: Titanium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8101'>8101: Tungsten (wolfram); articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8102'>8102: Molybdenum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8103'>8103: Tantalum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8104'>8104: Magnesium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8105'>8105: Cobalt; mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy, cobalt and articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8106'>8106: Bismuth; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8107'>8107: Cadmium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8109'>8109: Zirconium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8110'>8110: Antimony; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8111'>8111: Manganese; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8112'>8112: Beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and thallium; and articles of these metals, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8113'>8113: Cermets; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]

    B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/810820'>810820: Titanium; unwrought, powders</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/810830'>810830: Titanium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/810890'>810890: Titanium; other than unwrought, n.e.c. in heading no. 8108</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight