Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergometrine (INN) and its salts

HS v2022 Code: 293961

About alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergometrine (inn) and its salts

HS code 293961 covers the alkaloids derived from rye ergot, a fungus that infects rye and other grains. These alkaloids, including the medically important ergometrine, have a long history of use in both traditional and modern medicine. The production and trade of these specialized chemicals play a crucial role in the global pharmaceutical industry, providing essential raw materials for the manufacture of various drugs and therapies.

Production process

The production of alkaloids covered under HS code 293961 typically involves the extraction and purification of the relevant compounds from rye ergot. This process often starts with the cultivation and harvesting of the rye crop, followed by the separation of the ergot sclerotia (the compact, dark-colored fungal bodies) from the grain. The ergot is then subjected to various extraction and purification techniques, such as solvent extraction, chromatography, and crystallization, to isolate the desired alkaloids in a highly pure form.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of alkaloids under HS code 293961 include the rye crop, which serves as the source of the ergot fungus, as well as specialized extraction and purification equipment, such as centrifuges, distillation columns, and chromatography systems. Additionally, the process may require various solvents, reagents, and other chemicals to facilitate the extraction and purification of the target alkaloids.

Production outputs

The primary output of the industry covered by HS code 293961 is the isolated alkaloids, such as ergometrine and its salts, which are then used as raw materials in the production of various pharmaceutical products. These alkaloids may be further processed and incorporated into 300490 medicaments, 300210 antisera and other blood fractions, and other 300 pharmaceutical preparations for use in medical treatments and therapies.

Revisions to 293961

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 293961. The most recent 1 version of this code (293961) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):

This page shows the most recent version of code 293961.

Family tree for alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergometrine (inn) and its salts

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2939'>2939: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293961'>293961: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergometrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293911'>293911: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293919'>293919: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; other than in 2939.11, salts thereof</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293920'>293920: Alkaloids; of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293930'>293930: Alkaloids; caffeine and its salts</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293941'>293941: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293942'>293942: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; pseudoephedrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293943'>293943: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; cathine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293944'>293944: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; norephedrine and its salts</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293945'>293945: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamefetamine racemate and their salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293949'>293949: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; other than ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (INN), norephedrine, cathine (INN), levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamefetamine racemate and their salts</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293951'>293951: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, fenetylline (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293959'>293959: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, other than fenetylline</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293962'>293962: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergotamine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293963'>293963: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, lysergic acid and its salts</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293969'>293969: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, salts thereof, n.e.c. in item no. 2939.6</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293972'>293972: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, cocaine, ecgonine; salts, esters and other derivatives thereof</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293979'>293979: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, other than cocaine, ecgonine; salts, esters and other derivatives; n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]
B --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293980'>293980: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, esters and other derivatives n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]

    

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class U level6

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