Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, fenetylline (INN) and its salts

HS v2022 Code: 293951

About alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, fenetylline (inn) and its salts

HS code 293951 covers a range of alkaloid compounds, including theophylline, aminophylline, and fenetylline, which are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. These substances play a crucial role in the production of various medications, making this code an essential part of the global healthcare supply chain. The alkaloids described under this code have diverse applications, from respiratory treatments to central nervous system stimulants, highlighting their importance within the broader pharmaceutical and medical sectors.

Production process

The production of the alkaloids covered under HS code 293951 typically involves a multi-step chemical synthesis process. This may include extraction from natural sources, such as tea leaves or cocoa beans, followed by purification and derivatization steps to obtain the desired compounds. Alternatively, the alkaloids may be synthesized entirely through chemical reactions, leveraging various organic chemistry techniques to assemble the molecular structures.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of the alkaloids under HS code 293951 include raw materials such as natural source materials (e.g., tea leaves, cocoa beans), various chemical reagents, and specialized laboratory equipment. Additionally, the industry relies on skilled personnel, including chemists and pharmaceutical scientists, to carry out the complex synthesis and purification processes. 842199 Machinery for the chemical or physical treatment of materials and other specialized equipment may also be necessary for large-scale production.

Production outputs

The alkaloids produced under HS code 293951 are primarily used as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the manufacture of various medications, such as 300490 Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, put up in measured doses or in forms or packings for retail sale, 300410 Medicaments containing penicillins or derivatives thereof, with a penicillanic acid structure, or streptomycins or their derivatives, and 300420 Medicaments containing other antibiotics. These APIs may be further processed and combined with other substances to create the final pharmaceutical products.

Revisions to 293951

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 293951. The most recent 1 version of this code (293951) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):

This page shows the most recent version of code 293951.

Family tree for alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, fenetylline (inn) and its salts

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2939'>2939: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293951'>293951: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, fenetylline (INN) and its salts</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293911'>293911: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293919'>293919: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; other than in 2939.11, salts thereof</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293920'>293920: Alkaloids; of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293930'>293930: Alkaloids; caffeine and its salts</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293941'>293941: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293942'>293942: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; pseudoephedrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293943'>293943: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; cathine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293944'>293944: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; norephedrine and its salts</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293945'>293945: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamefetamine racemate and their salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293949'>293949: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; other than ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (INN), norephedrine, cathine (INN), levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamefetamine racemate and their salts</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293959'>293959: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, other than fenetylline</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293961'>293961: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergometrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293962'>293962: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergotamine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293963'>293963: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, lysergic acid and its salts</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293969'>293969: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, salts thereof, n.e.c. in item no. 2939.6</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293972'>293972: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, cocaine, ecgonine; salts, esters and other derivatives thereof</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293979'>293979: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, other than cocaine, ecgonine; salts, esters and other derivatives; n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]
B --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293980'>293980: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, esters and other derivatives n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]

    

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    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
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    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6
class R level6
class S level6
class T level6
class U level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
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