Gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and vanadium; articles thereof, unwrought, including waste and scrap, powders

HS v2017 Code: 811292

About gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and vanadium; articles thereof, unwrought, including waste and scrap, powders

hs code 811292 covers a range of rare and valuable metals, including gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium, and vanadium. These metals have diverse applications across high-tech industries, electronics, and advanced manufacturing, making them crucial components in the global supply chain. The production and trade of these materials play a significant role in the broader economy, supporting innovation and technological progress.

Production process

The production of the materials covered under hs code 811292 typically involves complex extraction and refining processes. Gallium, for example, is often recovered as a by-product during the production of other metals, such as aluminum or zinc. Germanium, on the other hand, is primarily extracted from coal and copper ores. The specific techniques used to produce these metals can vary depending on the source material and the desired purity levels.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of the materials under hs code 811292 include raw mineral ores, specialized equipment for extraction and refining, and significant energy resources. Additionally, skilled labor and advanced technological capabilities are essential for the efficient and cost-effective production of these high-value metals.

Production outputs

The outputs of the industries covered by hs code 811292 are primarily the unwrought forms of the metals, including ingots, powders, and other unfinished products. These materials are then consumed by a wide range of downstream industries, such as 851762 Machines and apparatus for electroplating, electrolysis or electrophoresis, 854430 Insulated wire, cable and other insulated electric conductors, and 901380 Optical devices, appliances and instruments, among others.

Revisions to 811292

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 811292. The most recent 3 versions of this code (811292) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 811292 ( HS v2017).

Family tree for gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and vanadium; articles thereof, unwrought, including waste and scrap, powders

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/81'>81: Metals; n.e.c., cermets and articles thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8112'>8112: Beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and thallium; and articles of these metals, including waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811292'>811292: Gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and vanadium; articles thereof, unwrought, including waste and scrap, powders</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811212'>811212: Beryllium and articles thereof; unwrought beryllium, powders</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811213'>811213: Beryllium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811219'>811219: Beryllium and articles thereof; wrought other than waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811221'>811221: Chromium and articles thereof; unwrought chromium, powders</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811222'>811222: Chromium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811229'>811229: Chromium and articles thereof; wrought other than waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811251'>811251: Thallium and articles thereof; unwrought thallium, powders</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811252'>811252: Thallium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811259'>811259: Thallium and articles thereof; other than unwrought thallium, powders or waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811299'>811299: Gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and vanadium; articles thereof, other than unwrought including waste and scrap and powders</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight