Bismuth; articles thereof, including waste and scrap

HS v2022 Code: 8106

About bismuth; articles thereof, including waste and scrap

HS code 8106 covers bismuth, a rare and unique metallic element, and any articles made from it, including waste and scrap. Bismuth is a key component in various industries, from electronics and pharmaceuticals to cosmetics and metallurgy. Its distinctive properties, such as low melting point and high thermal expansion, make it a valuable material in a wide range of applications, contributing to the overall global economy.

Production process

Bismuth is primarily extracted from ores and is also a by-product of other metal production processes. The main production techniques involve mineral processing, smelting, and refining to obtain pure bismuth. These processes typically include crushing, grinding, flotation, roasting, and electrolytic or chemical purification to separate bismuth from other metal impurities.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the bismuth industry include bismuth-containing ores, such as bismuthinite and bismite, as well as various chemicals and energy sources needed for the extraction and refining processes. Additionally, specialized equipment, such as furnaces, reactors, and purification systems, are essential for the efficient production of high-quality bismuth.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of the bismuth industry are pure bismuth metal and bismuth-containing alloys, which are then used in a variety of downstream applications. These include 8506 Primary cells and primary batteries, 8507 (Electric accumulators, incl. separators therefor, whether or not rectangular (incl. square)), 8515 (Electric (incl. electrically heated gas), laser or other light or photon beam, ultrasonic, electron beam, magnetic pulse or plasma arc soldering, brazing or welding machines and apparatus, whether or not capable of cutting; electric machines and apparatus for hot spraying of metals or cermets), and 3815 Reaction initiators, reaction accelerators and catalytic preparations, not elsewhere specified or included.

Family tree for bismuth; articles thereof, including waste and scrap

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/81'>81: Metals; n.e.c., cermets and articles thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8106'>8106: Bismuth; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8101'>8101: Tungsten (wolfram); articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8102'>8102: Molybdenum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8103'>8103: Tantalum; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8104'>8104: Magnesium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8105'>8105: Cobalt; mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy, cobalt and articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8108'>8108: Titanium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8109'>8109: Zirconium; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8110'>8110: Antimony; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8111'>8111: Manganese; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8112'>8112: Beryllium, chromium, hafnium, rhenium, thallium, cadmium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, indium and niobium (columbium), articles of these metals, including waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8113'>8113: Cermets; articles thereof, including waste and scrap</a>"]

    B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/810610'>810610: Bismuth; articles thereof, including waste and scrap, containing more than 99.99% of bismuth, by weight</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/810690'>810690: Bismuth; including articles n.e.c. in heading 8106, including waste and scrap, containing less than or equal to 99.99% of bismuth, by weight</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level6
class O level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight