Bismuth; articles thereof, including waste and scrap, containing more than 99.99% of bismuth, by weight

HS code 810610 covers the classification of pure bismuth and articles made from it, including waste and scrap. Bismuth is a rare, naturally occurring metallic element with unique properties that make it valuable in a variety of industrial and commercial applications. As a key component in numerous alloys and specialized products, the bismuth industry plays an important role in the global economy, particularly in the 810000 Base metals and articles of base metal sector.

Bismuth is primarily produced through the smelting and refining of lead, copper, and tin ores that contain bismuth as a by-product. The key production steps involve extracting the bismuth-containing materials, concentrating the bismuth content through various metallurgical processes, and then purifying the bismuth to achieve the desired purity levels.

The main inputs required for the bismuth industry include bismuth-containing ores and concentrates, as well as energy sources, specialized equipment, and skilled labor for the smelting, refining, and manufacturing processes. Producers also rely on a range of other materials, such as fluxes, reducing agents, and alloying elements, to facilitate the various stages of production.

The primary output of HS code 810610 is pure bismuth metal, which is then used as an input for a wide range of downstream industries and products. Bismuth is commonly used in the production of 811000 Other base metals; cermets; articles thereof, such as low-melting-point alloys, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and electronic components. The bismuth industry also generates various waste and scrap materials that may be recycled or further processed.