Tanned or crust hides and skins; without hair on, bovine or equine, in the wet state (including wet-blue), full grains, unsplit; grain splits

HS v2022 Code: 410411

About tanned or crust hides and skins; without hair on, bovine or equine, in the wet state (including wet-blue), full grains, unsplit; grain splits

HS code 410411 covers tanned or crust hides and skins without hair on, from bovine or equine animals, in the wet state (including wet-blue), with full grains and unsplit. This industry plays a crucial role in the global leather supply chain, providing essential raw materials for the production of a wide range of leather goods, from footwear and apparel to automotive and furniture upholstery.

Production process

The production of 410411 hides and skins involves a series of complex tanning and finishing processes. After the animals are slaughtered, the raw hides undergo a series of pre-tanning steps, including soaking, liming, and deliming, to remove hair, fat, and other unwanted materials. The hides are then tanned, typically using chromium salts or vegetable tanning agents, to stabilize the collagen fibers and impart the desired properties. Finally, the tanned hides are dried, split, and finished to produce the desired grain and texture.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the 410411 industry include raw bovine or equine hides, tanning chemicals (such as chromium salts or vegetable tanning agents), water, and energy sources for the various processing steps. Additionally, specialized machinery and equipment, such as tanning drums, splitting machines, and finishing tools, are essential for the production of these tanned or crust hides and skins.

Production outputs

The primary output of the 410411 industry is tanned or crust hides and skins, which are then used as raw materials by various downstream industries. These include the 410419 (Tanned or crust hides and skins, without hair on, bovine or equine, in the wet state (including wet-blue), other than full grains, unsplit; grain splits) industry, as well as the 410441 (Tanned or crust hides and skins, without hair on, bovine or equine, in the dry state (crust), full grains, unsplit; grain splits) and 410449 (Tanned or crust hides and skins, without hair on, bovine or equine, in the dry state (crust), other than full grains, unsplit; grain splits) industries, which further process the tanned hides and skins into a wide range of leather products.

Revisions to 410411

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 410411. The most recent 1 version of this code (410411) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):

This page shows the most recent version of code 410411.

Family tree for tanned or crust hides and skins; without hair on, bovine or equine, in the wet state (including wet-blue), full grains, unsplit; grain splits

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/41'>41: Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4104'>4104: Tanned or crust hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/410411'>410411: Tanned or crust hides and skins; without hair on, bovine or equine, in the wet state (including wet-blue), full grains, unsplit; grain splits</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/410419'>410419: Tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the wet state (including wet-blue), excluding full grains, unsplit; grain splits</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/410441'>410441: Tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), full grains, unsplit; grain splits</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/410449'>410449: Tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), (other than full grains, unsplit; grain splits)</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight