Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather

HS v2022 Code: 41

Chapter	Heading	Sub-heading
41	n/a	n/a

Code	41
Version	HS v2022
Hierarchy Level	2
Datasource	WCO

This Code: Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather

Child Codes: Tanned or crust skins of sheep and lambs, without wool on, whether or not split, but not further prepared; Raw hides and skins n.e.c in headings no. 4101, 4102; fresh, salted, dried, pickled or otherwise preserved, not further prepared, whether or not dehaired or split; Chamois (including combination chamois) leather; patent leather and patent laminated leather; metallised leather; Tanned or crust hides and skins of other animals, without wool or hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared; Leather further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of animals (other than ovine), without wool or hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14; Raw hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals (fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled, otherwise preserved but not tanned, parchment dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split; Leather further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment dressed leather, of sheep or lamb, without wool on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14; Raw skins of sheep or lambs (fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not further prepared), whether or not with wool on or split; Tanned or crust hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared; Composition leather with a basis of leather or leather fibre, in slabs, sheets or strip, in rolls or not; parings and other waste of leather or of composition leather, not suitable for the manufacture of leather articles; leather dust, powder and flour; Leather further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14

About raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather

HS code 41 covers the trade of raw hides and skins, excluding furskins, as well as the production of leather. This industry is a crucial component of the global supply chain, providing essential raw materials for a wide range of industries, including footwear, apparel, furniture, and automotive manufacturing. The trade and processing of raw hides and skins is a significant economic activity, with a global market value estimated in the billions of dollars annually.

Production process

The production of leather from raw hides and skins involves several key steps. First, the hides are subjected to a curing process, typically using salt or other preservatives, to prevent decomposition. Next, the hides undergo a series of chemical and mechanical treatments, including dehairing, liming, tanning, and dyeing, to transform the raw material into a durable and versatile leather product. The specific techniques and technologies employed can vary depending on the type of leather being produced and the desired characteristics.

Production inputs

The primary inputs for the industry covered by HS code 41 are raw hides and skins, which are typically sourced from livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats. In addition to the raw materials, the production of leather requires a range of chemicals, including tanning agents, dyes, and finishing agents, as well as specialized machinery and equipment for the various processing stages.

Production outputs

The main outputs of the industry described by HS code 41 are various types of leather, including bovine, ovine, and caprine leather. These leather products are then consumed by a wide range of downstream industries, such as 42 (Articles of leather; saddlery and harness; travel goods, handbags and similar containers; articles of animal gut (other than silk-worm gut)) and 64 Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts of such articles, which use leather as a key raw material for their own manufacturing processes.

Family tree for raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/41'>41: Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather</a>"]

    
    A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4101'>4101: Raw hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals (fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled, otherwise preserved but not tanned, parchment dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4102'>4102: Raw skins of sheep or lambs (fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not further prepared), whether or not with wool on or split</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4103'>4103: Raw hides and skins n.e.c in headings no. 4101, 4102; fresh, salted, dried, pickled or otherwise preserved, not further prepared, whether or not dehaired or split</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4104'>4104: Tanned or crust hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4105'>4105: Tanned or crust skins of sheep and lambs, without wool on, whether or not split, but not further prepared</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4106'>4106: Tanned or crust hides and skins of other animals, without wool or hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4107'>4107: Leather further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4112'>4112: Leather further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment dressed leather, of sheep or lamb, without wool on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4113'>4113: Leather further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of animals (other than ovine), without wool or hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4114'>4114: Chamois (including combination chamois) leather; patent leather and patent laminated leather; metallised leather</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4115'>4115: Composition leather with a basis of leather or leather fibre, in slabs, sheets or strip, in rolls or not; parings and other waste of leather or of composition leather, not suitable for the manufacture of leather articles; leather dust, powder and flour</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4

  class A highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class A highlight