Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; norephedrine and its salts

HS v2022 Code: 293944

About alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; norephedrine and its salts

HS code 293944 covers the trade of alkaloids derived from ephedrine and norephedrine, which are important pharmaceutical ingredients. These compounds have a wide range of medical applications, including as decongestants, bronchodilators, and stimulants. The global market for ephedrine and its derivatives is substantial, driven by the growing demand for effective and affordable healthcare solutions, particularly in developing economies.

Production process

The production of ephedrine and its derivatives typically involves the extraction and purification of the active compounds from natural sources, such as the ephedra plant. This process may involve techniques like solvent extraction, crystallization, and chromatography to isolate the desired alkaloids. Synthetic production methods are also employed, leveraging chemical reactions to produce the target compounds.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of HS code 293944 products include the raw plant materials (e.g., ephedra), various chemical reagents and solvents, specialized extraction and purification equipment, and skilled labor. Manufacturers may also require access to advanced analytical equipment to ensure the quality and purity of the final products.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of HS code 293944 are the alkaloid compounds, such as ephedrine and norephedrine, which are then used as key ingredients in a wide range of pharmaceutical and healthcare products. These outputs may be consumed by manufacturers of 300490 (Medicaments; consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, put up in measured doses (including those in the form of transdermal administration systems) or in forms or packings for retail sale), 300410 Medicaments; containing penicillins or derivatives thereof, with a penicillanic acid structure, or streptomycins or their derivatives, and 300420 Medicaments; containing other antibiotics, among others.

Revisions to 293944

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 293944. The most recent 1 version of this code (293944) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):

This page shows the most recent version of code 293944.

Family tree for alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; norephedrine and its salts

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2939'>2939: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293944'>293944: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; norephedrine and its salts</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293911'>293911: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293919'>293919: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; other than in 2939.11, salts thereof</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293920'>293920: Alkaloids; of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293930'>293930: Alkaloids; caffeine and its salts</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293941'>293941: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293942'>293942: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; pseudoephedrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293943'>293943: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; cathine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293945'>293945: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamefetamine racemate and their salts</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293949'>293949: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; other than ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (INN), norephedrine, cathine (INN), levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamefetamine racemate and their salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293951'>293951: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, fenetylline (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293959'>293959: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, other than fenetylline</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293961'>293961: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergometrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293962'>293962: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergotamine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293963'>293963: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, lysergic acid and its salts</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293969'>293969: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, salts thereof, n.e.c. in item no. 2939.6</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293972'>293972: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, cocaine, ecgonine; salts, esters and other derivatives thereof</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293979'>293979: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, other than cocaine, ecgonine; salts, esters and other derivatives; n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]
B --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293980'>293980: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, esters and other derivatives n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]

    

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    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6
class R level6
class S level6
class T level6
class U level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
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