Printing machinery; gravure

HS v2017 Code: 844317

About printing machinery; gravure

hs code 844317 covers the printing machinery and equipment used in the gravure printing process. Gravure printing is a high-quality, high-volume printing technique primarily used for magazines, catalogs, packaging, and other commercial applications. This industry plays a crucial role in the broader manufacturing and publishing sectors, enabling the mass production of printed materials that are essential for commerce, communication, and information dissemination.

Production process

The gravure printing process involves engraving an image onto a metal cylinder, known as a gravure cylinder. The cylinder is then coated with ink, and the excess ink is wiped off, leaving ink only in the engraved areas. The substrate, such as paper or plastic, is then pressed against the cylinder, transferring the ink to the surface. This process allows for highly detailed, high-quality printing with excellent color reproduction and consistency.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the gravure printing industry include the gravure cylinders, printing inks, and the substrate materials such as paper, plastic, or foil. Additionally, the industry relies on specialized printing machinery, including gravure printing presses, ink supply systems, and drying equipment. Other key inputs include energy sources, such as electricity or natural gas, to power the printing equipment and facilities.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of the gravure printing industry are the printed materials, such as magazines, catalogs, packaging, and other commercial products. These outputs are often consumed by industries like 470100 Publishing activities, 470200 Printing and service activities related to printing, and 222100 Manufacture of rubber and plastic products.

Revisions to 844317

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 844317. The most recent 1 version of this code (844317) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 844317 ( HS v2017).

Newer versions

Family tree for printing machinery; gravure

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/84'>84: Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8443'>8443: Printing machinery; used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 84.42; other printers, copying machines and facsimile machines, whether or not combined; parts and accessories thereof</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844317'>844317: Printing machinery; gravure</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844311'>844311: Printing machinery; offset, reel-fed</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844312'>844312: Printing machinery; offset, sheet-fed, office type (sheet size not exceeding 22 x 36cm in the unfolded state)</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844313'>844313: Printing machinery; offset, n.e.c. in item no. 8443.1</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844314'>844314: Printing machinery; letterpress, reel-fed, excluding flexographic printing</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844315'>844315: Printing machinery; letterpress, other than reel-fed, excluding flexographic printing</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844316'>844316: Printing machinery; flexographic</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844319'>844319: Printing machinery; used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 84.42, n.e.c. in item no. 8443.1</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844331'>844331: Printing, copying, and facsimile machines; machines which perform two or more of the functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission, capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844332'>844332: Printing, copying, and facsimile machines; single-function printing, copying or facsimile machines, capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844339'>844339: Printing, copying, and facsimile machines; single-function printing, copying or facsimile machines, not capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844391'>844391: Printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 8442; parts and accessories</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844399'>844399: Printing machinery; parts and accessories, n.e.c. in item no. 8443.91</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight