Printing machinery; offset, reel-fed

HS v2017 Code: 844311

About printing machinery; offset, reel-fed

hs code 844311 covers the import and export of offset, reel-fed printing machinery, a critical component of the global printing and publishing industry. These specialized machines play a vital role in the mass production of newspapers, magazines, books, and other printed materials, enabling efficient and high-volume printing across a range of industries. As a key enabler of modern publishing and communication, the 844311 industry is an important contributor to the broader economy.

Production process

Offset, reel-fed printing machines utilize a complex printing process that involves transferring an image from a plate to a rubber blanket, and then to the printing surface. This indirect printing method allows for high-quality, consistent reproduction of text and images, making it a preferred choice for large-scale commercial printing operations. The reel-fed design allows for continuous, high-speed printing of materials fed from large rolls of paper or other substrates.

Production inputs

The production of offset, reel-fed printing machinery requires a range of specialized components and resources. Key inputs include precision mechanical parts, advanced electronic control systems, and high-quality materials such as steel, aluminum, and specialized printing plates. Manufacturers also rely on skilled technicians and engineers to design, assemble, and maintain these complex machines. Additionally, the industry consumes a variety of 442120 Printing machinery and equipment and 425120 Industrial machinery and equipment merchant wholesalers to support the manufacturing process.

Production outputs

The primary output of the 844311 industry is offset, reel-fed printing machines, which are used by 323111 (Commercial printing (except screen and books)) and 323117 Books printing industries to produce a wide range of printed materials. These machines are also utilized by 511110 Newspaper publishers and 511120 Periodical publishers to print newspapers, magazines, and other publications. The 844311 industry's output is a critical enabler of the global publishing and communication sectors.

Revisions to 844311

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 844311. The most recent 1 version of this code (844311) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 844311 ( HS v2017).

Newer versions

Family tree for printing machinery; offset, reel-fed

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/84'>84: Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8443'>8443: Printing machinery; used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 84.42; other printers, copying machines and facsimile machines, whether or not combined; parts and accessories thereof</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844311'>844311: Printing machinery; offset, reel-fed</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844312'>844312: Printing machinery; offset, sheet-fed, office type (sheet size not exceeding 22 x 36cm in the unfolded state)</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844313'>844313: Printing machinery; offset, n.e.c. in item no. 8443.1</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844314'>844314: Printing machinery; letterpress, reel-fed, excluding flexographic printing</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844315'>844315: Printing machinery; letterpress, other than reel-fed, excluding flexographic printing</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844316'>844316: Printing machinery; flexographic</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844317'>844317: Printing machinery; gravure</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844319'>844319: Printing machinery; used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 84.42, n.e.c. in item no. 8443.1</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844331'>844331: Printing, copying, and facsimile machines; machines which perform two or more of the functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission, capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844332'>844332: Printing, copying, and facsimile machines; single-function printing, copying or facsimile machines, capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844339'>844339: Printing, copying, and facsimile machines; single-function printing, copying or facsimile machines, not capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844391'>844391: Printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 8442; parts and accessories</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/844399'>844399: Printing machinery; parts and accessories, n.e.c. in item no. 8443.91</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight