Printing machinery; offset, reel-fed
HS v2022 Code: 844311
About printing machinery; offset, reel-fed
HS code 844311 covers the import and export of offset printing machinery, specifically reel-fed presses. This type of printing equipment is a crucial component of the commercial printing industry, enabling the mass production of high-quality printed materials such as newspapers, magazines, books, and various commercial products. The offset printing process is known for its efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and ability to produce large print runs, making it an essential technology for businesses and publishers worldwide.
Production process
Offset printing using reel-fed machinery involves several key steps. First, the digital or analog image is transferred to a printing plate, typically made of aluminum or polymer. The plate is then wrapped around a cylinder, and ink is applied to the image areas. The inked image is then transferred, or 'offset', to a rubber-covered cylinder, which in turn transfers the image to the printing substrate, such as paper or other materials. This indirect printing method allows for high-quality, consistent reproduction of the original image across large print runs.
Production inputs
The main inputs required for the offset, reel-fed printing industry include the printing plates, inks, and the printing substrate (paper, cardboard, etc.). Additionally, the printing machinery itself, such as the offset presses, rollers, and other components, are essential inputs. Skilled operators and technicians to maintain and operate the equipment are also a critical input for this industry.
Production outputs
The primary outputs of the offset, reel-fed printing industry are printed materials, including newspapers, magazines, books, brochures, and various commercial products. These printed outputs are then consumed by 490110 Newspapers, journals and periodicals, whether or not illustrated or containing advertising material, 490199 Printed books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter, whether or not in single sheets, and other industries that require high-volume, high-quality printed materials.
Revisions to 844311
Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 844311. The most recent 1 version of this code (844311) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):
This page shows the most recent version of code 844311.
Older versions
Family tree for printing machinery; offset, reel-fed
graph LR
A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/84'>84: Machinery and mechanical appliances, boilers, nuclear reactors; parts thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/8443'>8443: Printing machinery; used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 84.42; other printers, copying machines and facsimile machines, whether or not combined; parts and accessories thereof</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/844311'>844311: Printing machinery; offset, reel-fed</a>"]
B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/844312'>844312: Printing machinery; offset, sheet-fed, office type (sheet size not exceeding 22 x 36cm in the unfolded state)</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/844313'>844313: Printing machinery; offset, n.e.c. in item no. 8443.1</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/844314'>844314: Printing machinery; letterpress, reel-fed, excluding flexographic printing</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/844315'>844315: Printing machinery; letterpress, other than reel-fed, excluding flexographic printing</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/844316'>844316: Printing machinery; flexographic</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/844317'>844317: Printing machinery; gravure</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/844319'>844319: Printing machinery; used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 84.42, n.e.c. in item no. 8443.1</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/844331'>844331: Printing, copying, and facsimile machines; machines which perform two or more of the functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission, capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/844332'>844332: Printing, copying, and facsimile machines; single-function printing, copying or facsimile machines, capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/844339'>844339: Printing, copying, and facsimile machines; single-function printing, copying or facsimile machines, not capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/844391'>844391: Printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 8442; parts and accessories</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/844399'>844399: Printing machinery; parts and accessories, n.e.c. in item no. 8443.91</a>"]
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%% Apply classes
class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6
class C highlight
%% class A level1
%% class B,C level2
%% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
%% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
%% class C highlight