Tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), full grains, unsplit; grain splits

HS v2017 Code: 410441

About tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), full grains, unsplit; grain splits

HS code 410441 covers tanned or crust hides and skins of bovine or equine animals, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), with full grains and unsplit. This industry is a crucial part of the broader leather and leather products sector, which plays a significant role in the global economy. The production of these crust hides and skins is an essential step in the leather manufacturing process, providing the raw material for a wide range of leather goods, from footwear and apparel to furniture and automotive interiors.

Production process

The production of crust hides and skins under HS code 410441 involves a series of tanning and finishing processes. After the raw hides are collected, they undergo a series of treatments, including soaking, liming, deliming, bating, pickling, and tanning. These processes remove hair, fat, and other unwanted materials, and transform the raw hides into a stable, durable material known as crust. The crust is then further processed, often through splitting, dyeing, and finishing, to create the desired characteristics for various end-use applications.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of crust hides and skins under HS code 410441 include raw bovine or equine hides, tanning chemicals (such as chromium salts, vegetable tannins, and synthetic tanning agents), dyeing and finishing agents, and specialized machinery for the various processing steps. Additionally, skilled labor, energy, and water are essential resources in this industry.

Production outputs

The primary output of the industry covered by HS code 410441 is crust hides and skins, which are then further processed and transformed into a wide range of leather products. These crust hides and skins may be consumed by industries producing 410510 Tanned or crust skins of sheep or lambs, without wool on, 410621 Tanned or crust hides and skins of goats or kids, without hair on, and 410711 Leather of bovine or equine animals, without hair on, not further prepared than tanned, among others, to manufacture various leather goods.

Revisions to 410441

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 410441. The most recent 1 version of this code (410441) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 410441 ( HS v2017).

Family tree for tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), full grains, unsplit; grain splits

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/41'>41: Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4104'>4104: Tanned or crust hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/410441'>410441: Tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), full grains, unsplit; grain splits</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/410411'>410411: Tanned or crust hides and skins; without hair on, bovine or equine, in the wet state (including wet blue), full grains, unsplit; grain splits</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/410419'>410419: Tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the wet state (including wet blue), excluding full grains, unsplit; grain splits</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/410449'>410449: Tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), (other than full grains, unsplit; grain splits)</a>"]

    

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    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight