Tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), (other than full grains, unsplit; grain splits)

HS v2017 Code: 410449

About tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), (other than full grains, unsplit; grain splits)

HS code 410449 covers tanned or crust hides and skins of bovine or equine animals, without hair on, in the dry state (crust). This industry plays a crucial role in the global leather supply chain, providing essential raw materials for the manufacturing of various leather products, from footwear and apparel to upholstery and accessories. The demand for these crust hides and skins is driven by the growing leather industry, which is closely tied to the broader economic trends and consumer preferences.

Production process

The production of tanned or crust hides and skins involves a multi-step process. After the animals are slaughtered, the hides are first subjected to a series of pre-tanning treatments, such as soaking, liming, and dehairing, to remove any remaining hair, flesh, and impurities. The hides are then tanned, typically using vegetable or mineral tanning agents, to stabilize the collagen fibers and impart the desired properties. Finally, the tanned hides are dried and processed into the crust form, which is the intermediate stage before further finishing and dyeing.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of HS code 410449 products include raw hides and skins from bovine or equine animals, tanning agents (such as vegetable extracts or chromium salts), water, and various chemicals and machinery for the pre-tanning and tanning processes. The availability and quality of these raw materials, as well as the efficiency of the production equipment, are critical factors in determining the overall output and competitiveness of this industry.

Production outputs

The primary output of HS code 410449 is tanned or crust hides and skins, which are then used as inputs for the production of various leather goods. These crust hides and skins may be further processed and finished to produce 410510 Tanned or crust skins of sheep or lambs, without wool on, 410621 Tanned or crust hides and skins of goats or kids, without hair on, or 410711 Leather of bovine or equine animals, without hair on, not further prepared than tanned, among other leather products.

Revisions to 410449

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 410449. The most recent 1 version of this code (410449) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 410449 ( HS v2017).

Older versions

Family tree for tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), (other than full grains, unsplit; grain splits)

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/41'>41: Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4104'>4104: Tanned or crust hides and skins of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/410449'>410449: Tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), (other than full grains, unsplit; grain splits)</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/410411'>410411: Tanned or crust hides and skins; without hair on, bovine or equine, in the wet state (including wet blue), full grains, unsplit; grain splits</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/410419'>410419: Tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the wet state (including wet blue), excluding full grains, unsplit; grain splits</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/410441'>410441: Tanned or crust hides and skins; bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), full grains, unsplit; grain splits</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight