Mining of hard coal

NACE code 05.1 covers the mining and extraction of hard coal, a vital energy resource that plays a crucial role in the global economy. As one of the primary fossil fuels, hard coal is an essential raw material for power generation, steel production, and various industrial processes. This industry's significance extends beyond its direct economic impact, as it supports the energy needs of numerous other sectors and contributes to the overall energy security of many countries.

The mining of hard coal typically involves a combination of surface mining and underground mining techniques. Surface mining, also known as open-pit mining, is employed when the coal seams are located near the surface. This method involves the removal of the overlying soil and rock layers to expose the coal deposits, which are then extracted using heavy machinery. Underground mining, on the other hand, is used when the coal seams are located deeper within the earth's crust. This method involves the excavation of shafts and tunnels to access the coal deposits, which are then extracted using specialized mining equipment and techniques.

The mining of hard coal requires a range of inputs, including heavy machinery such as excavators, draglines, and haul trucks for surface mining, as well as specialized underground mining equipment like continuous miners, longwall shearers, and shuttle cars. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce of miners, engineers, and technicians to operate the equipment and manage the mining operations. Significant amounts of energy, in the form of electricity and fuel, are also required to power the mining machinery and support the extraction process.

The primary output of the hard coal mining industry is, of course, the coal itself. This coal is then consumed by various other industries, such as 35.1 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, 24.1 Manufacture of basic iron and steel, and 23.1 Manufacture of glass and glass products, which use it as a key raw material for power generation, steel production, and other industrial processes. The coal mining industry also produces various by-products, such as coal ash and slag, which can be utilized in the construction industry 23.6 Manufacture of articles of concrete, cement and plaster.