Mining of hard coal

NACE code 05.1 covers the mining of hard coal, a crucial industry that plays a vital role in the global energy landscape. Hard coal, also known as anthracite, is a high-grade, dense form of coal that is highly valued for its energy-dense properties and low impurity levels. This industry is responsible for extracting and processing this valuable fossil fuel, which is then used to generate electricity, power industrial processes, and provide heating for residential and commercial buildings.

The mining of hard coal typically involves a combination of surface mining and underground mining techniques. Surface mining, or open-pit mining, is employed when the coal seams are located close to the earth's surface. This method involves the removal of the overburden (soil and rock) to expose the coal, which is then extracted using heavy machinery. Underground mining, on the other hand, is used when the coal seams are located deeper within the earth's crust. This method involves the construction of shafts and tunnels to access the coal deposits, which are then extracted using specialized mining equipment.

The mining of hard coal requires a significant amount of resources, including heavy machinery, such as excavators, draglines, and haul trucks, as well as specialized underground mining equipment. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce, including miners, engineers, and technicians, to operate the equipment and ensure the safety and efficiency of the mining operations. Other key inputs include explosives for controlled blasting, as well as fuel and electricity to power the machinery and support the mining activities.

The primary output of the hard coal mining industry is, of course, the coal itself. This coal is then used as a fuel source in a variety of industries, including 35.1 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, 23.1 Manufacture of glass and glass products, and 24.1 Manufacture of basic iron and steel. The coal may also be further processed and refined for use in other applications, such as the production of coke for the steel industry.