Printed matter; dictionaries, encyclopaedias and serial instalments thereof

HS code 490191 covers a wide range of printed materials, including dictionaries, encyclopedias, and serial publications. This industry plays a crucial role in the dissemination of knowledge and information, catering to the educational, research, and general informational needs of individuals and organizations across various sectors. As a key component of the broader publishing industry, the products under this code contribute significantly to the cultural and intellectual development of societies worldwide.

The production of printed matter under HS code 490191 typically involves a combination of traditional printing techniques and modern digital technologies. This may include offset printing, digital printing, and various binding methods such as perfect binding, saddle-stitching, or hardcover binding. The specific production techniques employed often depend on the nature and format of the printed material, as well as the desired quality and production scale.

The main inputs required for the production of printed matter under HS code 490191 include paper, ink, and binding materials. High-quality paper, ranging from lightweight newsprint to heavyweight coated stocks, is a crucial raw material. Specialized inks, both for text and illustrations, are also essential. Additionally, binding materials such as glue, thread, and covers are necessary to assemble the final printed products. Printing machinery, including presses, bindery equipment, and digital printing systems, are also key inputs in this industry.

The primary outputs of the industry covered by HS code 490191 are dictionaries, encyclopedias, and serial publications, such as magazines, journals, and newspapers. These printed materials serve as important sources of information, reference, and entertainment for a wide range of consumers, including students, researchers, professionals, and the general public. The outputs of this industry may be consumed by various other industries, such as 490199 Printed matter, n.e.c. in heading no. 4901, 490210 Newspapers, journals and periodicals, whether or not illustrated or containing advertising material, and 490300 Children's picture, drawing or colouring books.