Printed matter; dictionaries, encyclopaedias and serial instalments thereof

HS code 490191 covers a wide range of printed materials, including dictionaries, encyclopedias, and serial publications. This industry plays a crucial role in the dissemination of knowledge and information, catering to the educational, academic, and general informational needs of individuals and institutions worldwide. As a key component of the broader publishing and printing sector, the 490191 industry contributes significantly to the global economy, facilitating the exchange of ideas and the preservation of cultural heritage.

The production of printed matter under HS code 490191 typically involves a combination of traditional and modern printing techniques. This may include offset printing, digital printing, and various binding methods such as perfect binding, saddle stitching, and case binding. The specific production process can vary depending on the type of publication, its intended use, and the desired quality and finish.

The main inputs required for the 490191 industry include paper, ink, and binding materials. High-quality paper, ranging from lightweight newsprint to heavyweight coated stocks, is essential for producing dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other reference materials. Specialized inks, both for text and illustrations, ensure accurate and vibrant reproduction. Additionally, binding materials such as glue, thread, and covers play a crucial role in the final presentation and durability of the printed products.

The primary outputs of the 490191 industry are dictionaries, encyclopedias, and serial publications, which are consumed by a wide range of end-users, including students, researchers, professionals, and the general public. These printed materials are often used in conjunction with other educational and reference resources, such as 490199 Printed matter; books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter, other than those of heading 4901, 490210 Newspapers, journals and periodicals, whether or not illustrated or containing advertising material, and 490300 Children's picture, drawing or colouring books.