Alkaloids; of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof
HS v2022 Code: 293920
About alkaloids; of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof
HS code 293920 covers the alkaloids derived from the cinchona tree, a genus of flowering plants native to the Andes region of South America. These alkaloids, such as quinine, have been widely used in the production of antimalarial drugs and other pharmaceutical products. The cinchona alkaloid industry plays a crucial role in the global healthcare sector, providing essential ingredients for life-saving medications.
Production process
The production of cinchona alkaloids typically involves the extraction and purification of the active compounds from the bark of the cinchona tree. This process may include steps such as harvesting the bark, drying, grinding, and then extracting the alkaloids using solvents. Further purification and crystallization steps are often employed to obtain the desired alkaloid compounds in a high-purity form.
Production inputs
The primary inputs for the cinchona alkaloid industry include the cinchona tree bark, which serves as the raw material. Additionally, the production process requires various solvents, reagents, and specialized equipment such as extraction vessels, distillation columns, and crystallization tanks. Skilled labor, including botanists, chemists, and process engineers, is also a critical input for this industry.
Production outputs
The main outputs of the cinchona alkaloid industry are the purified alkaloid compounds, such as quinine, quinidine, and cinchonine. These compounds are then used as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the production of antimalarial drugs, as well as other medical applications. The outputs of this industry are often consumed by 300000 Pharmaceutical Products and 293000 Organic Chemicals industries.
Revisions to 293920
Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 293920. The most recent 1 version of this code (293920) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):
This page shows the most recent version of code 293920.
Older versions
Family tree for alkaloids; of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof
graph LR
A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2939'>2939: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293920'>293920: Alkaloids; of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293911'>293911: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293919'>293919: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; other than in 2939.11, salts thereof</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293930'>293930: Alkaloids; caffeine and its salts</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293941'>293941: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293942'>293942: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; pseudoephedrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293943'>293943: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; cathine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293944'>293944: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; norephedrine and its salts</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293945'>293945: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamefetamine racemate and their salts</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293949'>293949: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; other than ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (INN), norephedrine, cathine (INN), levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamefetamine racemate and their salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293951'>293951: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, fenetylline (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293959'>293959: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, other than fenetylline</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293961'>293961: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergometrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293962'>293962: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergotamine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293963'>293963: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, lysergic acid and its salts</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293969'>293969: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, salts thereof, n.e.c. in item no. 2939.6</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293972'>293972: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, cocaine, ecgonine; salts, esters and other derivatives thereof</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293979'>293979: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, other than cocaine, ecgonine; salts, esters and other derivatives; n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]
B --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293980'>293980: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, esters and other derivatives n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]
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class D level6
class E level6
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class G level6
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class I level6
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class L level6
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class N level6
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class P level6
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class R level6
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class T level6
class U level6
class C highlight
%% class A level1
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