Alkaloids; of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof

HS v2017 Code: 293920

About alkaloids; of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof

HS code 293920 covers the trade of alkaloids derived from the cinchona tree and their chemical derivatives. Cinchona alkaloids, such as quinine and quinidine, have been used for centuries in the treatment of malaria and other medical applications. This industry plays a vital role in the global pharmaceutical supply chain, providing key ingredients for a range of essential medicines.

Production process

The production of cinchona alkaloids typically involves the extraction of the active compounds from the bark of the cinchona tree. This is often done through a series of chemical processes including maceration, filtration, and purification to isolate the desired alkaloids. Synthetic derivatives may also be produced through various organic synthesis techniques.

Production inputs

The main inputs for this industry include the cinchona tree bark as the primary raw material, as well as various chemical reagents, solvents, and processing equipment required for the extraction and purification of the alkaloids. Skilled labor with expertise in pharmaceutical chemistry and production processes is also a key input.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of this industry are the various cinchona alkaloids and their salts, which are then used as inputs for the production of 300410 Medicaments; containing alkaloids or derivatives thereof, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, not put up in measured doses or in forms or packings for retail sale and other pharmaceutical products. The alkaloids may also be used in the manufacture of 293890 (Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only, not elsewhere specified or included).

Revisions to 293920

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 293920. The most recent 1 version of this code (293920) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 293920 ( HS v2017).

Family tree for alkaloids; of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2939'>2939: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293920'>293920: Alkaloids; of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293911'>293911: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293919'>293919: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; other than in 2939.11, salts thereof</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293930'>293930: Alkaloids; caffeine and its salts</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293941'>293941: Alkaloids; ephedrine and its salts</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293942'>293942: Alkaloids; pseudoephedrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293943'>293943: Alkaloids; cathine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293944'>293944: Alkaloids; norephedrine and its salts</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293949'>293949: Alkaloids; other than ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (INN), norephedrine, and cathine (INN) and their salts</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293951'>293951: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, fenetylline (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293959'>293959: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, other than fenetylline</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293961'>293961: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergometrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293962'>293962: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergotamine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293963'>293963: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, lysergic acid and its salts</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293969'>293969: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, salts thereof, n.e.c. in item no. 2939.6</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293971'>293971: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, cocaine, ecgonine, levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamfetamine racemate; salts, esters and other derivatives thereof</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293979'>293979: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, other than cocaine, ecgonine, levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamfetamine racemate; salts, esters and other derivatives; n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293980'>293980: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, esters and other derivatives n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6
class R level6
class S level6
class T level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight