Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; salts thereof

HS v2022 Code: 293911

About alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; salts thereof

HS code 293911 covers the classification of alkaloids derived from opium and their chemical derivatives, as well as the salts of these compounds. Alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring organic compounds that contain basic nitrogen atoms. Opium alkaloids, such as morphine and codeine, are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of pain relievers, cough suppressants, and other important medications. This industry plays a crucial role in the global healthcare sector, providing essential ingredients for many life-saving and quality-of-life-improving drugs.

Production process

The production of opium alkaloids and their derivatives typically involves the extraction of the relevant compounds from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum). This is followed by a series of chemical processes to isolate, purify, and potentially modify the molecular structure of the alkaloids to produce the desired end products.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for this industry include the opium poppy plant, which serves as the source of the raw alkaloids. Additionally, the industry relies on various chemical reagents, solvents, and processing equipment to extract, purify, and synthesize the final products. Skilled labor, including chemists and pharmaceutical technicians, is also a critical input for this industry.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of this industry are the various opium alkaloids and their chemical derivatives, such as morphine, codeine, and thebaine. These compounds are then used as key ingredients in the production of 300410 (Medicaments; containing alkaloids or derivatives thereof, not containing hormones, steroids used as hormones or antibiotics, put up in measured doses (including those in the form of transdermal administration systems) or in forms or packings for retail sale), 300450 Medicaments; containing vitamins or other products of heading no. 2936, not put up in measured doses or in forms or packings for retail sale, and other pharmaceutical preparations.

Revisions to 293911

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 293911. The most recent 1 version of this code (293911) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):

This page shows the most recent version of code 293911.

Family tree for alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; salts thereof

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2939'>2939: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293911'>293911: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293919'>293919: Alkaloids; of opium and their derivatives; other than in 2939.11, salts thereof</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293920'>293920: Alkaloids; of cinchona and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293930'>293930: Alkaloids; caffeine and its salts</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293941'>293941: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293942'>293942: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; pseudoephedrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293943'>293943: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; cathine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293944'>293944: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; norephedrine and its salts</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293945'>293945: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamefetamine racemate and their salts</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293949'>293949: Alkaloids; of ephedrine and their derivatives; other than ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (INN), norephedrine, cathine (INN), levometamfetamine, metamfetamine (INN), metamefetamine racemate and their salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293951'>293951: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, fenetylline (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293959'>293959: Alkaloids; theophylline and aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) and their derivatives; salts thereof, other than fenetylline</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293961'>293961: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergometrine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293962'>293962: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, ergotamine (INN) and its salts</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293963'>293963: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, lysergic acid and its salts</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293969'>293969: Alkaloids; of rye ergot and their derivatives, salts thereof, n.e.c. in item no. 2939.6</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293972'>293972: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, cocaine, ecgonine; salts, esters and other derivatives thereof</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293979'>293979: Alkaloids; of vegetal origin, other than cocaine, ecgonine; salts, esters and other derivatives; n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]
B --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/293980'>293980: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, esters and other derivatives n.e.c. in heading no. 2939</a>"]

    

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    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6
class R level6
class S level6
class T level6
class U level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
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  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
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