Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters

HS v2022 Code: 291816

About acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters

HS code 291816 covers a range of carboxylic acids with an alcohol function, but without any other oxygen function. This includes the important compound gluconic acid, as well as its salts and esters. These chemicals play a vital role in various industries, from food and beverage production to pharmaceuticals and personal care products. As a key component in many essential goods, the 291816 industry is an integral part of the broader chemical manufacturing sector and the global economy.

Production process

The primary production method for HS code 291816 compounds involves the oxidation of glucose or other carbohydrates. This can be achieved through enzymatic, microbial, or chemical processes. Fermentation is a common technique used to produce gluconic acid, where glucose-containing feedstocks are converted by specialized microorganisms. Other carboxylic acids may be synthesized via the oxidation of corresponding alcohols or the hydrolysis of esters.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the 291816 industry include glucose, other carbohydrate feedstocks, and various chemical reagents and catalysts. Depending on the specific compound being produced, the process may also require specialized fermentation equipment, distillation columns, and other processing machinery. Energy, water, and skilled labor are also essential inputs for this industry.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of the 291816 industry are the carboxylic acids, gluconic acid, and their respective salts and esters. These chemicals find applications in a wide range of industries, including 300000 Pharmaceutical Products, 330000 Cosmetic and Toiletry Preparations, 200000 Food and Beverage Products, and 310000 Fertilizers. The 291816 industry also produces intermediates that are consumed by other chemical manufacturing sectors, such as 291500 Esters of Inorganic Acids, 291700 Carboxylic Acids with Additional Oxygen Function, and 291800 Carboxylic Acids with Additional Oxygen Function.

Revisions to 291816

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 291816. The most recent 1 version of this code (291816) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):

This page shows the most recent version of code 291816.

Family tree for acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2918'>2918: Acids; carboxylic acid with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291816'>291816: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291811'>291811: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), lactic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291812'>291812: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), tartaric acid</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291813'>291813: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function); salts and esters of tartaric acid</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291814'>291814: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), citric acid</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291815'>291815: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), salts and esters of citric acid</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291817'>291817: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), 2,2-Diphenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid (benzilic acid)</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291818'>291818: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), chlorobenzilate (ISO)</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291819'>291819: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), other than lactic, tartaric, citric, and gluconic acids and their salts and esters</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291821'>291821: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), salicylic acid and its salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291822'>291822: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), o-acetylsalicylic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291823'>291823: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), other esters of salicylic acid and its salts n.e.c. in item no. 2918.2</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291829'>291829: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives, n.e.c. in item no. 2918.2</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291830'>291830: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with aldehyde or ketone function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291891'>291891: Acids; carboxylic acids, with additional oxygen function (not alcohol, phenol, aldehyde or ketone) and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; 2,4,5-T (ISO) (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid), its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291899'>291899: Acids; carboxylic acids, with additional oxygen function (not alcohol, phenol, aldehyde or ketone) and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; other than 2,4,5-T (ISO)</a>"]

    

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class R level6

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