Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters

HS v2017 Code: 291816

About acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters

HS code 291816 covers a range of carboxylic acids with alcohol functions, including the important compound gluconic acid. These chemicals play a vital role in various industries, from food and beverage production to pharmaceutical and personal care applications. As a key component in many essential products, the 291816 industry is an integral part of the broader chemical and manufacturing sectors, contributing to the global economy.

Production process

The production of the chemicals covered under HS code 291816 typically involves fermentation or chemical synthesis processes. Gluconic acid, for example, is commonly produced through the fermentation of glucose using various microorganisms. Other carboxylic acids may be synthesized from alcohols or other precursor compounds through oxidation reactions, often catalyzed by metal catalysts or enzymes.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the 291816 industry include raw materials such as glucose, alcohols, and other organic compounds. Specialized fermentation equipment, chemical reactors, and purification systems are also necessary for the production of these carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce with expertise in chemistry, biotechnology, and process engineering.

Production outputs

The chemicals classified under HS code 291816 are widely used as ingredients in various products. Gluconic acid and its salts and esters find applications in the food and beverage industry as preservatives, chelating agents, and pH regulators. They are also used in the pharmaceutical and personal care sectors, as well as in the production of 291500 Esters, 291700 Ethers, and other chemical intermediates.

Revisions to 291816

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 291816. The most recent 1 version of this code (291816) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 291816 ( HS v2017).

Family tree for acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2918'>2918: Acids; carboxylic acid with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291816'>291816: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291811'>291811: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), lactic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291812'>291812: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), tartaric acid</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291813'>291813: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function); salts and esters of tartaric acid</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291814'>291814: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), citric acid</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291815'>291815: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), salts and esters of citric acid</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291817'>291817: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), 2,2-Diphenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid (benzilic acid)</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291818'>291818: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), chlorobenzilate (ISO)</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291819'>291819: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), other than lactic, tartaric, citric, and gluconic acids and their salts and esters</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291821'>291821: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), salicylic acid and its salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291822'>291822: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), o-acetylsalicylic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291823'>291823: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), other esters of salicylic acid and its salts n.e.c. in item no. 2918.2</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291829'>291829: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives, n.e.c. in item no. 2918.2</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291830'>291830: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with aldehyde or ketone function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291891'>291891: Acids; carboxylic acids, with additional oxygen function (not alcohol, phenol, aldehyde or ketone) and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; 2,4,5-T (ISO) (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid), its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291899'>291899: Acids; carboxylic acids, with additional oxygen function (not alcohol, phenol, aldehyde or ketone) and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; other than 2,4,5-T (ISO)</a>"]

    

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