Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), citric acid

HS v2022 Code: 291814

About acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), citric acid

HS code 291814 covers citric acid, a widely used carboxylic acid with an alcohol function. Citric acid is a crucial ingredient in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries, playing a vital role in the global economy. Its versatility and importance make it a significant component of international trade and import/export activities.

Production process

Citric acid is primarily produced through the fermentation of sugars, typically using the fungus Aspergillus niger. The process involves the cultivation of the fungus in a nutrient-rich medium, which then secretes citric acid as a byproduct of its metabolic processes. The citric acid is then extracted, purified, and crystallized to produce the final product.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of citric acid include sugar-based feedstocks, such as molasses or glucose, as well as the Aspergillus niger fungus. Additionally, the production process requires various processing equipment, such as fermentation tanks, centrifuges, and crystallization units. Energy sources, such as electricity or steam, are also necessary for the various stages of production.

Production outputs

The primary output of HS code 291814 is citric acid, which is then used as an ingredient in a wide range of products, including 200919 Fruit juices, 300490 Medicaments, and 380899 Pesticides. Citric acid is also used in the production of 291815 Salts and esters of citric acid, which fall under a separate HS code.

Revisions to 291814

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 291814. The most recent 1 version of this code (291814) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):

This page shows the most recent version of code 291814.

Family tree for acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), citric acid

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2918'>2918: Acids; carboxylic acid with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291814'>291814: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), citric acid</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291811'>291811: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), lactic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291812'>291812: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), tartaric acid</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291813'>291813: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function); salts and esters of tartaric acid</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291815'>291815: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), salts and esters of citric acid</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291816'>291816: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291817'>291817: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), 2,2-Diphenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid (benzilic acid)</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291818'>291818: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), chlorobenzilate (ISO)</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291819'>291819: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), other than lactic, tartaric, citric, and gluconic acids and their salts and esters</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291821'>291821: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), salicylic acid and its salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291822'>291822: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), o-acetylsalicylic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291823'>291823: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), other esters of salicylic acid and its salts n.e.c. in item no. 2918.2</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291829'>291829: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives, n.e.c. in item no. 2918.2</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291830'>291830: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with aldehyde or ketone function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291891'>291891: Acids; carboxylic acids, with additional oxygen function (not alcohol, phenol, aldehyde or ketone) and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; 2,4,5-T (ISO) (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid), its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291899'>291899: Acids; carboxylic acids, with additional oxygen function (not alcohol, phenol, aldehyde or ketone) and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; other than 2,4,5-T (ISO)</a>"]

    

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