Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), salts and esters of citric acid
HS v2022 Code: 291815
About acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), salts and esters of citric acid
HS code 291815 covers a group of carboxylic acids known as citric acids and their salts and esters. These compounds are widely used in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries due to their unique properties, such as their ability to act as preservatives, acidulants, and chelating agents. Citric acid and its derivatives play a crucial role in maintaining the quality, flavor, and stability of a wide range of products, making them an essential component of the global import/export trade.
Production process
Citric acid is primarily produced through the fermentation of sugars, typically using the fungus 100301 Aspergillus niger. The process involves the cultivation of the fungus in a nutrient-rich medium, which converts the sugars into citric acid. The resulting solution is then purified and crystallized to obtain the final citric acid product. Salts and esters of citric acid are produced through subsequent chemical reactions, involving the combination of citric acid with various other compounds.
Production inputs
The main inputs required for the production of citric acid and its derivatives include raw materials such as sugar sources (e.g., molasses, glucose, sucrose), as well as various chemicals and reagents used in the purification and derivatization processes. Additionally, specialized fermentation equipment, such as bioreactors and centrifuges, are essential for the efficient production of these compounds.
Production outputs
The primary outputs of HS code 291815 are citric acid, as well as its various salts and esters. These products find widespread applications in the 210690 food and beverage industry, where they are used as acidulants, preservatives, and flavor enhancers. They are also utilized in the 300490 pharmaceutical industry, where they serve as chelating agents and pH regulators. Additionally, citric acid and its derivatives are employed in the 340220 detergent and cleaning product industry and the 291819 chemical industry for various other applications.
Revisions to 291815
Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 291815. The most recent 1 version of this code (291815) is in the HS v2022 system (this version):
This page shows the most recent version of code 291815.
Family tree for acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), salts and esters of citric acid
graph LR
A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2918'>2918: Acids; carboxylic acid with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291815'>291815: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), salts and esters of citric acid</a>"]
B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291811'>291811: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), lactic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291812'>291812: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), tartaric acid</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291813'>291813: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function); salts and esters of tartaric acid</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291814'>291814: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), citric acid</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291816'>291816: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291817'>291817: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), 2,2-Diphenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid (benzilic acid)</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291818'>291818: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), chlorobenzilate (ISO)</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291819'>291819: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), other than lactic, tartaric, citric, and gluconic acids and their salts and esters</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291821'>291821: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), salicylic acid and its salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291822'>291822: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), o-acetylsalicylic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291823'>291823: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), other esters of salicylic acid and its salts n.e.c. in item no. 2918.2</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291829'>291829: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives, n.e.c. in item no. 2918.2</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291830'>291830: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with aldehyde or ketone function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291891'>291891: Acids; carboxylic acids, with additional oxygen function (not alcohol, phenol, aldehyde or ketone) and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; 2,4,5-T (ISO) (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid), its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/291899'>291899: Acids; carboxylic acids, with additional oxygen function (not alcohol, phenol, aldehyde or ketone) and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; other than 2,4,5-T (ISO)</a>"]
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