Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), salts and esters of citric acid

HS v2017 Code: 291815

About acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), salts and esters of citric acid

HS code 291815 covers a group of carboxylic acids known as citric acids and their salts and esters. These compounds play a vital role in various industries, including food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and chemical manufacturing. As a key component in many products, the 291815 industry is an essential part of the broader chemical and manufacturing sectors, contributing to the global economy.

Production process

Citric acid and its derivatives are primarily produced through the fermentation of carbohydrates, such as glucose or sucrose, using the fungus Aspergillus niger. The process involves several steps, including the cultivation of the fungus, the fermentation of the carbohydrate substrate, and the purification and crystallization of the citric acid. Manufacturers may also use chemical synthesis methods to produce certain citric acid esters and salts.

Production inputs

The main inputs for the 291815 industry include carbohydrate feedstocks (such as molasses or corn syrup), the Aspergillus niger fungus, and various chemicals and equipment for the fermentation and purification processes. Manufacturers may also require specialized machinery, such as fermentation tanks, centrifuges, and crystallization equipment, to efficiently produce and refine the citric acid and its derivatives.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of the 291815 industry are citric acid, citric acid salts (such as sodium citrate and calcium citrate), and citric acid esters. These products find widespread use in the 200919 Fruit juices and vegetable juices industry, the 300490 Medicaments industry, and various 382499 Chemical products and preparations of the chemical or allied industries industries, among others.

Revisions to 291815

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 291815. The most recent 1 version of this code (291815) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 291815 ( HS v2017).

Family tree for acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), salts and esters of citric acid

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2918'>2918: Acids; carboxylic acid with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291815'>291815: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), salts and esters of citric acid</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291811'>291811: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), lactic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291812'>291812: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), tartaric acid</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291813'>291813: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function); salts and esters of tartaric acid</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291814'>291814: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), citric acid</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291816'>291816: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291817'>291817: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), 2,2-Diphenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid (benzilic acid)</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291818'>291818: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), chlorobenzilate (ISO)</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291819'>291819: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), other than lactic, tartaric, citric, and gluconic acids and their salts and esters</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291821'>291821: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), salicylic acid and its salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291822'>291822: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), o-acetylsalicylic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291823'>291823: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), other esters of salicylic acid and its salts n.e.c. in item no. 2918.2</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291829'>291829: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives, n.e.c. in item no. 2918.2</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291830'>291830: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with aldehyde or ketone function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291891'>291891: Acids; carboxylic acids, with additional oxygen function (not alcohol, phenol, aldehyde or ketone) and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; 2,4,5-T (ISO) (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid), its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291899'>291899: Acids; carboxylic acids, with additional oxygen function (not alcohol, phenol, aldehyde or ketone) and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; other than 2,4,5-T (ISO)</a>"]

    

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