Inorganic chemicals; organic and inorganic compounds of precious metals; of rare earth metals, of radio-active elements and of isotopes

HS v2022 Code: 28

Chapter	Heading	Sub-heading
28	n/a	n/a

Code	28
Version	HS v2022
Hierarchy Level	2
Datasource	WCO

This Code: Inorganic chemicals; organic and inorganic compounds of precious metals; of rare earth metals, of radio-active elements and of isotopes

Child Codes: Titanium oxides; Sulphides of non-metals; commercial phosphorus trisulphide; Chlorides; chloride oxides and chloride hydroxides; bromides and bromide oxides; iodides and iodide oxides; Diphosphorus pentaoxide; phosphoric acid; polyphosphoric acids, whether or not chemically defined; Carbides, whether or not chemically defined; Inorganic acids and other inorganic oxygen compounds of non-metals; n.e.c. in heading no. 2806 to 2810; Carbonates; peroxocarbonates (percarbonates); commercial ammonium carbonate containing ammonium carbamate; Nitrites; nitrates; Hydrides, nitrides, azides, silicides and borides, whether or not chemically defined, other than compounds which are also carbides of heading no. 2849; Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda); potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) peroxides of sodium or potassium; Sulphites; thiosulphates; Sulphuric acid; oleum; Hydrazine and hydroxylamine and their inorganic salts; other inorganic bases; other metal oxides, hydroxides and peroxides; Isotopes other than those of heading no. 2844; compounds, inorganic or organic, of such isotopes, whether or not chemically defined; Iron oxides and hydroxides; earth colours containing 70% or more by weight of combined iron evaluated as Fe2o3; Halides and halide oxides of non-metals; Sulphur; sublimed or precipitated, colloidal sulphur; Radioactive chemical elements and radioactive isotopes (including the fissile or fertile chemical elements and isotopes); and their compounds; mixtures and residues containing these products; Manganese oxides; Silicates; commercial alkali metal silicates; Borates; peroxoborates (perborates); Hydroxide and peroxide of magnesium; oxides, hydroxides and peroxides of strontium or barium; Aluminium oxide (including artificial corundum); aluminium hydroxide; Inorganic or organic compounds of mercury, excluding amalgams, whether or not chemically defined; Alkali or alkaline-earth metals; rare-earth metals, scandium and yttrium, whether or not intermixed or interalloyed; mercury; Salts of inorganic acids or peroxoacids, n.e.c. including aluminosilicates whether or not chemically defined, but excluding azides; Zinc; oxide and peroxide; Cyanides, cyanide oxides and complex cyanides; Hydrogen, rare gases and other non-metals; Chromium oxides and hydroxides; Dithionites and sulphoxylates; Nitric acid; sulphonitric acids; Lead oxides; red lead and orange lead; Oxides of boron; boric acids; Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine; Hypochlorites; commercial calcium hypochlorite; chlorites; hypobromites; Sulphates; alums; peroxosulphates (persulphates); Carbon; carbon blacks and other forms of carbon n.e.c.; Fluorides; fluorosilicates, fluoroaluminates and other complex fluorine salts; Cobalt oxides and hydroxides; commercial cobalt oxides; Hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid); chlorosulphuric acid; Phosphinates (hypophosphites), phosphonates (phosphites), and phosphates; and polyphosphates, whether or not chemically defined; Hydrogen peroxide; whether or not solidified with urea; Chlorates and perchlorates; bromates and perbromates; iodates and periodates; Sulphides; polysulphides whether or not chemically defined; Compounds, inorganic or organic, of rare-earth metals; of yttrium or of scandium or of mixtures of these metals; Ammonia; anhydrous or in aqueous solution; Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids; Phosphides, chemically defined or not, not ferrophosphorus; other inorganic compounds n.e.c. (including distilled, conductivity water and water of like purity); liquid air, rare gases removed or not; compressed air; amalgams, not precious metal amalgams; Colloidal precious metals; inorganic or organic compounds of precious metals, whether or not chemically defined; amalgams of precious metals

About inorganic chemicals; organic and inorganic compounds of precious metals; of rare earth metals, of radio-active elements and of isotopes

HS code 28 covers a diverse range of inorganic chemicals, including compounds of precious metals, rare earth metals, and radioactive elements. These substances play a crucial role in various industries, from pharmaceuticals and electronics to nuclear technology and renewable energy. The production and trade of these specialized chemicals are essential for technological advancement and scientific research, making this industry a vital component of the global economy.

Production process

The production of the chemicals under HS code 28 typically involves complex chemical processes, such as extraction, purification, and synthesis. Depending on the specific compound, manufacturers may use techniques like electrolysis, distillation, or chemical reactions to obtain the desired products. The precise methods employed often require specialized equipment and highly skilled personnel to ensure the safety and quality of the final outputs.

Production inputs

The main inputs for the industries covered by HS code 28 include a variety of raw materials, such as minerals, ores, and other natural resources. Additionally, these industries rely on specialized machinery, equipment, and energy sources to facilitate the production processes. Skilled labor, including chemists, engineers, and technicians, is also a critical input for the successful operation of these industries.

Production outputs

The outputs of the industries under HS code 28 are diverse and serve as essential inputs for a wide range of other industries. These include 29 Organic chemicals, 30 Pharmaceutical products, 38 Miscellaneous chemical products, and 84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof. The specialized chemicals produced under this code are crucial for advancements in fields like medicine, electronics, and renewable energy, making them a vital component of the global supply chain.

Family tree for inorganic chemicals; organic and inorganic compounds of precious metals; of rare earth metals, of radio-active elements and of isotopes

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/28'>28: Inorganic chemicals; organic and inorganic compounds of precious metals; of rare earth metals, of radio-active elements and of isotopes</a>"]

    
    A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2801'>2801: Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2802'>2802: Sulphur; sublimed or precipitated, colloidal sulphur</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2803'>2803: Carbon; carbon blacks and other forms of carbon n.e.c.</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2804'>2804: Hydrogen, rare gases and other non-metals</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2805'>2805: Alkali or alkaline-earth metals; rare-earth metals, scandium and yttrium, whether or not intermixed or interalloyed; mercury</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2806'>2806: Hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid); chlorosulphuric acid</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2807'>2807: Sulphuric acid; oleum</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2808'>2808: Nitric acid; sulphonitric acids</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2809'>2809: Diphosphorus pentaoxide; phosphoric acid; polyphosphoric acids, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2810'>2810: Oxides of boron; boric acids</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2811'>2811: Inorganic acids and other inorganic oxygen compounds of non-metals; n.e.c. in heading no. 2806 to 2810</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2812'>2812: Halides and halide oxides of non-metals</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2813'>2813: Sulphides of non-metals; commercial phosphorus trisulphide</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2814'>2814: Ammonia; anhydrous or in aqueous solution</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2815'>2815: Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda); potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) peroxides of sodium or potassium</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2816'>2816: Hydroxide and peroxide of magnesium; oxides, hydroxides and peroxides of strontium or barium</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2817'>2817: Zinc; oxide and peroxide</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2818'>2818: Aluminium oxide (including artificial corundum); aluminium hydroxide</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2819'>2819: Chromium oxides and hydroxides</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2820'>2820: Manganese oxides</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2821'>2821: Iron oxides and hydroxides; earth colours containing 70% or more by weight of combined iron evaluated as Fe2o3</a>"]
A --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2822'>2822: Cobalt oxides and hydroxides; commercial cobalt oxides</a>"]
A --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2823'>2823: Titanium oxides</a>"]
A --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2824'>2824: Lead oxides; red lead and orange lead</a>"]
A --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2825'>2825: Hydrazine and hydroxylamine and their inorganic salts; other inorganic bases; other metal oxides, hydroxides and peroxides</a>"]
A --> BA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2826'>2826: Fluorides; fluorosilicates, fluoroaluminates and other complex fluorine salts</a>"]
A --> BB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2827'>2827: Chlorides; chloride oxides and chloride hydroxides; bromides and bromide oxides; iodides and iodide oxides</a>"]
A --> BC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2828'>2828: Hypochlorites; commercial calcium hypochlorite; chlorites; hypobromites</a>"]
A --> BD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2829'>2829: Chlorates and perchlorates; bromates and perbromates; iodates and periodates</a>"]
A --> BE["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2830'>2830: Sulphides; polysulphides whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BF["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2831'>2831: Dithionites and sulphoxylates</a>"]
A --> BG["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2832'>2832: Sulphites; thiosulphates</a>"]
A --> BH["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2833'>2833: Sulphates; alums; peroxosulphates (persulphates)</a>"]
A --> BI["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2834'>2834: Nitrites; nitrates</a>"]
A --> BJ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2835'>2835: Phosphinates (hypophosphites), phosphonates (phosphites), and phosphates; and polyphosphates, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BK["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2836'>2836: Carbonates; peroxocarbonates (percarbonates); commercial ammonium carbonate containing ammonium carbamate</a>"]
A --> BL["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2837'>2837: Cyanides, cyanide oxides and complex cyanides</a>"]
A --> BM["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2839'>2839: Silicates; commercial alkali metal silicates</a>"]
A --> BN["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2840'>2840: Borates; peroxoborates (perborates)</a>"]
A --> BO["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2841'>2841: Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids</a>"]
A --> BP["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2842'>2842: Salts of inorganic acids or peroxoacids, n.e.c. including aluminosilicates whether or not chemically defined, but excluding azides</a>"]
A --> BQ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2843'>2843: Colloidal precious metals; inorganic or organic compounds of precious metals, whether or not chemically defined; amalgams of precious metals</a>"]
A --> BR["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2844'>2844: Radioactive chemical elements and radioactive isotopes (including the fissile or fertile chemical elements and isotopes); and their compounds; mixtures and residues containing these products</a>"]
A --> BS["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2845'>2845: Isotopes other than those of heading no. 2844; compounds, inorganic or organic, of such isotopes, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BT["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2846'>2846: Compounds, inorganic or organic, of rare-earth metals; of yttrium or of scandium or of mixtures of these metals</a>"]
A --> BU["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2847'>2847: Hydrogen peroxide; whether or not solidified with urea</a>"]
A --> BV["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2849'>2849: Carbides, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BW["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2850'>2850: Hydrides, nitrides, azides, silicides and borides, whether or not chemically defined, other than compounds which are also carbides of heading no. 2849</a>"]
A --> BX["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2852'>2852: Inorganic or organic compounds of mercury, excluding amalgams, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BY["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2853'>2853: Phosphides, chemically defined or not, not ferrophosphorus; other inorganic compounds n.e.c. (including distilled, conductivity water and water of like purity); liquid air, rare gases removed or not; compressed air; amalgams, not precious metal amalgams</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level4
class X level4
class Y level4
class Z level4
class BA level4
class BB level4
class BC level4
class BD level4
class BE level4
class BF level4
class BG level4
class BH level4
class BI level4
class BJ level4
class BK level4
class BL level4
class BM level4
class BN level4
class BO level4
class BP level4
class BQ level4
class BR level4
class BS level4
class BT level4
class BU level4
class BV level4
class BW level4
class BX level4
class BY level4

  class A highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class A highlight