Sulphates; alums; peroxosulphates (persulphates)

HS v2022 Code: 2833

About sulphates; alums; peroxosulphates (persulphates)

HS code 2833 covers a diverse range of inorganic chemical compounds known as sulphates, alums, and peroxosulphates (persulphates). These substances play a crucial role in various industrial processes and applications, making them an integral part of the global chemical industry. Sulphates, in particular, are widely used in the production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and water treatment, contributing significantly to the broader economy.

Production process

The production of compounds under HS code 2833 typically involves a series of chemical reactions and purification processes. Sulphates are commonly produced by the reaction of sulphuric acid with a metal or metal oxide, while alums are formed by the combination of sulphates with aluminium salts. Peroxosulphates, on the other hand, are generated through the oxidation of sulphates using hydrogen peroxide or other oxidizing agents. These production methods are carefully controlled to ensure the desired purity and quality of the final products.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of HS code 2833 compounds include sulphuric acid, various metal and metal oxide raw materials, aluminium salts, and oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, specialized equipment like reactors, filtration systems, and drying units are necessary to facilitate the chemical processes and purification steps involved in manufacturing these inorganic compounds.

Production outputs

The compounds covered under HS code 2833 are widely used as intermediates and raw materials in a variety of industries. Sulphates find applications in the production of 3105 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous, 2836 Carbonates, and 2842 (Other salts of inorganic acids or peroxoacids (including aluminosilicates whether or not chemically defined), other than azides). Alums are commonly used in water treatment, paper manufacturing, and the production of 2842 (Other salts of inorganic acids or peroxoacids (including aluminosilicates whether or not chemically defined), other than azides). Peroxosulphates are utilized as oxidizing agents in various industrial processes, such as the production of 2835 (Phosphinates (hypophosphites), phosphonates (phosphites) and phosphates; polyphosphates, whether or not chemically defined).

Family tree for sulphates; alums; peroxosulphates (persulphates)

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/28'>28: Inorganic chemicals; organic and inorganic compounds of precious metals; of rare earth metals, of radio-active elements and of isotopes</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2833'>2833: Sulphates; alums; peroxosulphates (persulphates)</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2801'>2801: Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2802'>2802: Sulphur; sublimed or precipitated, colloidal sulphur</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2803'>2803: Carbon; carbon blacks and other forms of carbon n.e.c.</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2804'>2804: Hydrogen, rare gases and other non-metals</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2805'>2805: Alkali or alkaline-earth metals; rare-earth metals, scandium and yttrium, whether or not intermixed or interalloyed; mercury</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2806'>2806: Hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid); chlorosulphuric acid</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2807'>2807: Sulphuric acid; oleum</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2808'>2808: Nitric acid; sulphonitric acids</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2809'>2809: Diphosphorus pentaoxide; phosphoric acid; polyphosphoric acids, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2810'>2810: Oxides of boron; boric acids</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2811'>2811: Inorganic acids and other inorganic oxygen compounds of non-metals; n.e.c. in heading no. 2806 to 2810</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2812'>2812: Halides and halide oxides of non-metals</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2813'>2813: Sulphides of non-metals; commercial phosphorus trisulphide</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2814'>2814: Ammonia; anhydrous or in aqueous solution</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2815'>2815: Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda); potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) peroxides of sodium or potassium</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2816'>2816: Hydroxide and peroxide of magnesium; oxides, hydroxides and peroxides of strontium or barium</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2817'>2817: Zinc; oxide and peroxide</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2818'>2818: Aluminium oxide (including artificial corundum); aluminium hydroxide</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2819'>2819: Chromium oxides and hydroxides</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2820'>2820: Manganese oxides</a>"]
A --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2821'>2821: Iron oxides and hydroxides; earth colours containing 70% or more by weight of combined iron evaluated as Fe2o3</a>"]
A --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2822'>2822: Cobalt oxides and hydroxides; commercial cobalt oxides</a>"]
A --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2823'>2823: Titanium oxides</a>"]
A --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2824'>2824: Lead oxides; red lead and orange lead</a>"]
A --> BA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2825'>2825: Hydrazine and hydroxylamine and their inorganic salts; other inorganic bases; other metal oxides, hydroxides and peroxides</a>"]
A --> BB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2826'>2826: Fluorides; fluorosilicates, fluoroaluminates and other complex fluorine salts</a>"]
A --> BC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2827'>2827: Chlorides; chloride oxides and chloride hydroxides; bromides and bromide oxides; iodides and iodide oxides</a>"]
A --> BD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2828'>2828: Hypochlorites; commercial calcium hypochlorite; chlorites; hypobromites</a>"]
A --> BE["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2829'>2829: Chlorates and perchlorates; bromates and perbromates; iodates and periodates</a>"]
A --> BF["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2830'>2830: Sulphides; polysulphides whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BG["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2831'>2831: Dithionites and sulphoxylates</a>"]
A --> BH["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2832'>2832: Sulphites; thiosulphates</a>"]
A --> BI["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2834'>2834: Nitrites; nitrates</a>"]
A --> BJ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2835'>2835: Phosphinates (hypophosphites), phosphonates (phosphites), and phosphates; and polyphosphates, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BK["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2836'>2836: Carbonates; peroxocarbonates (percarbonates); commercial ammonium carbonate containing ammonium carbamate</a>"]
A --> BL["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2837'>2837: Cyanides, cyanide oxides and complex cyanides</a>"]
A --> BM["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2839'>2839: Silicates; commercial alkali metal silicates</a>"]
A --> BN["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2840'>2840: Borates; peroxoborates (perborates)</a>"]
A --> BO["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2841'>2841: Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids</a>"]
A --> BP["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2842'>2842: Salts of inorganic acids or peroxoacids, n.e.c. including aluminosilicates whether or not chemically defined, but excluding azides</a>"]
A --> BQ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2843'>2843: Colloidal precious metals; inorganic or organic compounds of precious metals, whether or not chemically defined; amalgams of precious metals</a>"]
A --> BR["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2844'>2844: Radioactive chemical elements and radioactive isotopes (including the fissile or fertile chemical elements and isotopes); and their compounds; mixtures and residues containing these products</a>"]
A --> BS["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2845'>2845: Isotopes other than those of heading no. 2844; compounds, inorganic or organic, of such isotopes, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BT["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2846'>2846: Compounds, inorganic or organic, of rare-earth metals; of yttrium or of scandium or of mixtures of these metals</a>"]
A --> BU["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2847'>2847: Hydrogen peroxide; whether or not solidified with urea</a>"]
A --> BV["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2849'>2849: Carbides, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BW["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2850'>2850: Hydrides, nitrides, azides, silicides and borides, whether or not chemically defined, other than compounds which are also carbides of heading no. 2849</a>"]
A --> BX["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2852'>2852: Inorganic or organic compounds of mercury, excluding amalgams, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BY["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2853'>2853: Phosphides, chemically defined or not, not ferrophosphorus; other inorganic compounds n.e.c. (including distilled, conductivity water and water of like purity); liquid air, rare gases removed or not; compressed air; amalgams, not precious metal amalgams</a>"]

    B --> BZ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/283311'>283311: Sodium sulphates; disodium sulphate</a>"]
B --> CA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/283319'>283319: Sodium sulphates; other than disodium sulphate</a>"]
B --> CB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/283321'>283321: Sulphates; of magnesium</a>"]
B --> CC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/283322'>283322: Sulphates; of aluminium</a>"]
B --> CD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/283324'>283324: Sulphates; of nickel</a>"]
B --> CE["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/283325'>283325: Sulphates; of copper</a>"]
B --> CF["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/283327'>283327: Sulphates; of barium</a>"]
B --> CG["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/283329'>283329: Sulphates; n.e.c. in item no. 2833.2</a>"]
B --> CH["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/283330'>283330: Alums</a>"]
B --> CI["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/283340'>283340: Peroxosulphates (persulphates)</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level4
class X level4
class Y level4
class Z level4
class BA level4
class BB level4
class BC level4
class BD level4
class BE level4
class BF level4
class BG level4
class BH level4
class BI level4
class BJ level4
class BK level4
class BL level4
class BM level4
class BN level4
class BO level4
class BP level4
class BQ level4
class BR level4
class BS level4
class BT level4
class BU level4
class BV level4
class BW level4
class BX level4
class BY level4
class BZ level6
class CA level6
class CB level6
class CC level6
class CD level6
class CE level6
class CF level6
class CG level6
class CH level6
class CI level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight