Borates; peroxoborates (perborates)

HS v2022 Code: 2840

Chapter	Heading	Sub-heading
28	40	n/a

Code	2840
Version	HS v2022
Hierarchy Level	4
Datasource	WCO
Chapter	28

Ancestor Codes: Inorganic chemicals; organic and inorganic compounds of precious metals; of rare earth metals, of radio-active elements and of isotopes

This Code: Borates; peroxoborates (perborates)

Child Codes: Borates; n.e.c. in heading no. 2840; Peroxoborates (perborates); Borates; disodium tetraborate (refined borax), other than anhydrous; Borates; disodium tetraborate (refined borax), anhydrous

Sibling Codes (Nearest 5): Carbonates; peroxocarbonates (percarbonates); commercial ammonium carbonate containing ammonium carbamate; Cyanides, cyanide oxides and complex cyanides; Silicates; commercial alkali metal silicates; Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids; Salts of inorganic acids or peroxoacids, n.e.c. including aluminosilicates whether or not chemically defined, but excluding azides

About borates; peroxoborates (perborates)

HS code 2840 covers a group of chemical compounds known as borates and peroxoborates (perborates). These substances are widely used in various industries, including glass manufacturing, detergents, and agriculture. Borates are essential for the production of heat-resistant glass, fiberglass, and ceramic glazes, while peroxoborates find applications as bleaching and cleaning agents. The global borate market is expected to grow steadily in the coming years, driven by increasing demand from the construction, agriculture, and personal care sectors.

Production process

Borates and peroxoborates are typically produced through the extraction and processing of natural borate minerals, such as colemanite, ulexite, and kernite. The production process generally involves mining, crushing, and purification steps to obtain the desired borate compounds. In some cases, synthetic borates may be produced through chemical reactions involving boric acid or other boron-containing raw materials.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of borates and peroxoborates include borate-containing minerals, such as 2528 (Natural borates and concentrates thereof (whether or not calcined), and natural boric acid containing not more than 85% of H3BO3 calculated on the dry weight), as well as various chemical reagents and energy sources. Specialized equipment, such as mining machinery, processing plants, and chemical reactors, are also essential for the production of these compounds.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of HS code 2840 are various borate and peroxoborate compounds, which are then used as inputs for a wide range of industries. These include the production of 7001 Cullet and other waste and scrap of glass; glass in the mass, 3402 (Organic surface-active agents (other than soap); surface-active preparations, washing preparations (including auxiliary washing preparations) and cleaning preparations, whether or not containing soap, other than those of heading 3401), and 3105 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous, phosphatic or potassic; other fertilizers; goods of this chapter in tablets or similar forms or in packages of a gross weight not exceeding 10 kg, among others.

Family tree for borates; peroxoborates (perborates)

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/28'>28: Inorganic chemicals; organic and inorganic compounds of precious metals; of rare earth metals, of radio-active elements and of isotopes</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2840'>2840: Borates; peroxoborates (perborates)</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2801'>2801: Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2802'>2802: Sulphur; sublimed or precipitated, colloidal sulphur</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2803'>2803: Carbon; carbon blacks and other forms of carbon n.e.c.</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2804'>2804: Hydrogen, rare gases and other non-metals</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2805'>2805: Alkali or alkaline-earth metals; rare-earth metals, scandium and yttrium, whether or not intermixed or interalloyed; mercury</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2806'>2806: Hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid); chlorosulphuric acid</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2807'>2807: Sulphuric acid; oleum</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2808'>2808: Nitric acid; sulphonitric acids</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2809'>2809: Diphosphorus pentaoxide; phosphoric acid; polyphosphoric acids, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2810'>2810: Oxides of boron; boric acids</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2811'>2811: Inorganic acids and other inorganic oxygen compounds of non-metals; n.e.c. in heading no. 2806 to 2810</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2812'>2812: Halides and halide oxides of non-metals</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2813'>2813: Sulphides of non-metals; commercial phosphorus trisulphide</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2814'>2814: Ammonia; anhydrous or in aqueous solution</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2815'>2815: Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda); potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) peroxides of sodium or potassium</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2816'>2816: Hydroxide and peroxide of magnesium; oxides, hydroxides and peroxides of strontium or barium</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2817'>2817: Zinc; oxide and peroxide</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2818'>2818: Aluminium oxide (including artificial corundum); aluminium hydroxide</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2819'>2819: Chromium oxides and hydroxides</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2820'>2820: Manganese oxides</a>"]
A --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2821'>2821: Iron oxides and hydroxides; earth colours containing 70% or more by weight of combined iron evaluated as Fe2o3</a>"]
A --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2822'>2822: Cobalt oxides and hydroxides; commercial cobalt oxides</a>"]
A --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2823'>2823: Titanium oxides</a>"]
A --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2824'>2824: Lead oxides; red lead and orange lead</a>"]
A --> BA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2825'>2825: Hydrazine and hydroxylamine and their inorganic salts; other inorganic bases; other metal oxides, hydroxides and peroxides</a>"]
A --> BB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2826'>2826: Fluorides; fluorosilicates, fluoroaluminates and other complex fluorine salts</a>"]
A --> BC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2827'>2827: Chlorides; chloride oxides and chloride hydroxides; bromides and bromide oxides; iodides and iodide oxides</a>"]
A --> BD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2828'>2828: Hypochlorites; commercial calcium hypochlorite; chlorites; hypobromites</a>"]
A --> BE["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2829'>2829: Chlorates and perchlorates; bromates and perbromates; iodates and periodates</a>"]
A --> BF["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2830'>2830: Sulphides; polysulphides whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BG["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2831'>2831: Dithionites and sulphoxylates</a>"]
A --> BH["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2832'>2832: Sulphites; thiosulphates</a>"]
A --> BI["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2833'>2833: Sulphates; alums; peroxosulphates (persulphates)</a>"]
A --> BJ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2834'>2834: Nitrites; nitrates</a>"]
A --> BK["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2835'>2835: Phosphinates (hypophosphites), phosphonates (phosphites), and phosphates; and polyphosphates, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BL["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2836'>2836: Carbonates; peroxocarbonates (percarbonates); commercial ammonium carbonate containing ammonium carbamate</a>"]
A --> BM["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2837'>2837: Cyanides, cyanide oxides and complex cyanides</a>"]
A --> BN["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2839'>2839: Silicates; commercial alkali metal silicates</a>"]
A --> BO["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2841'>2841: Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids</a>"]
A --> BP["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2842'>2842: Salts of inorganic acids or peroxoacids, n.e.c. including aluminosilicates whether or not chemically defined, but excluding azides</a>"]
A --> BQ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2843'>2843: Colloidal precious metals; inorganic or organic compounds of precious metals, whether or not chemically defined; amalgams of precious metals</a>"]
A --> BR["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2844'>2844: Radioactive chemical elements and radioactive isotopes (including the fissile or fertile chemical elements and isotopes); and their compounds; mixtures and residues containing these products</a>"]
A --> BS["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2845'>2845: Isotopes other than those of heading no. 2844; compounds, inorganic or organic, of such isotopes, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BT["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2846'>2846: Compounds, inorganic or organic, of rare-earth metals; of yttrium or of scandium or of mixtures of these metals</a>"]
A --> BU["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2847'>2847: Hydrogen peroxide; whether or not solidified with urea</a>"]
A --> BV["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2849'>2849: Carbides, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BW["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2850'>2850: Hydrides, nitrides, azides, silicides and borides, whether or not chemically defined, other than compounds which are also carbides of heading no. 2849</a>"]
A --> BX["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2852'>2852: Inorganic or organic compounds of mercury, excluding amalgams, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BY["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2853'>2853: Phosphides, chemically defined or not, not ferrophosphorus; other inorganic compounds n.e.c. (including distilled, conductivity water and water of like purity); liquid air, rare gases removed or not; compressed air; amalgams, not precious metal amalgams</a>"]

    B --> BZ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/284011'>284011: Borates; disodium tetraborate (refined borax), anhydrous</a>"]
B --> CA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/284019'>284019: Borates; disodium tetraborate (refined borax), other than anhydrous</a>"]
B --> CB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/284020'>284020: Borates; n.e.c. in heading no. 2840</a>"]
B --> CC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/284030'>284030: Peroxoborates (perborates)</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level4
class X level4
class Y level4
class Z level4
class BA level4
class BB level4
class BC level4
class BD level4
class BE level4
class BF level4
class BG level4
class BH level4
class BI level4
class BJ level4
class BK level4
class BL level4
class BM level4
class BN level4
class BO level4
class BP level4
class BQ level4
class BR level4
class BS level4
class BT level4
class BU level4
class BV level4
class BW level4
class BX level4
class BY level4
class BZ level6
class CA level6
class CB level6
class CC level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight