Buckwheat, millet and canary seeds; other cereals

HS v2022 Code: 1008

About buckwheat, millet and canary seeds; other cereals

HS code 1008 covers a diverse range of cereal grains, including buckwheat, millet, and canary seeds, as well as other miscellaneous cereal products. These grains play a vital role in the global food supply, providing essential nutrients and serving as key ingredients in a wide array of food and animal feed products. The production and trade of these commodities are integral to the broader agricultural and food processing industries, contributing to economic growth and food security worldwide.

Production process

The production of the cereals covered under HS code 1008 typically involves a combination of traditional and modern farming techniques. Buckwheat, millet, and canary seeds are often grown using sustainable, low-input methods, with a focus on maintaining soil health and minimizing the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Harvesting is usually done manually or with the aid of specialized machinery, followed by cleaning, drying, and storage processes to ensure the grains are ready for further processing or distribution.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of HS code 1008 commodities include arable land, suitable climate conditions, and access to water resources. Farmers may also utilize agricultural machinery, such as tractors, harvesters, and threshers, as well as various tools and equipment for planting, cultivating, and post-harvest handling. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled agricultural workforce, as well as access to transportation and storage infrastructure to facilitate the movement of these products to domestic and international markets.

Production outputs

The outputs of HS code 1008 include the various cereal grains themselves, which can be consumed directly as food or used as ingredients in a wide range of food and animal feed products. Buckwheat, for example, is commonly used in the production of 1102 Cereal flours, 1103 Cereal groats, meal and pellets, and 1904 Prepared foods obtained by the swelling or roasting of cereals. Millet and canary seeds are also used in the manufacture of 2302 Bran, sharps and other residues, which are important inputs for the 2309 Preparations used in animal feeding industry.

Family tree for buckwheat, millet and canary seeds; other cereals

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/10'>10: Cereals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1008'>1008: Buckwheat, millet and canary seeds; other cereals</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1001'>1001: Wheat and meslin</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1002'>1002: Rye</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1003'>1003: Barley</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1004'>1004: Oats</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1005'>1005: Maize (corn)</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1006'>1006: Rice</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/1007'>1007: Grain sorghum</a>"]

    B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/100810'>100810: Cereals; buckwheat</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/100821'>100821: Cereals; millet, seed</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/100829'>100829: Cereals; millet, other than seed</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/100830'>100830: Cereals; canary seeds</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/100840'>100840: Cereals; fonio (Digitaria spp.)</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/100850'>100850: Cereals; quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/100860'>100860: Cereals; triticale</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/100890'>100890: Cereals; n.e.c. in chapter 10</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight