Chromium and articles thereof; unwrought chromium, powders

HS v2017 Code: 811221

About chromium and articles thereof; unwrought chromium, powders

hs code 811221 covers chromium and articles made from chromium. Chromium is a vital metal with a wide range of industrial applications, including stainless steel production, chrome plating, and the manufacture of various alloys. As a strategic material, chromium plays a crucial role in the global economy, supporting industries such as construction, transportation, and energy. The trade and production of chromium products under this hs code is an important component of international trade and industrial activity.

Production process

Chromium is primarily extracted from chromite ore through a multi-step process. The ore is first crushed, concentrated, and then smelted at high temperatures to produce ferrochrome, an alloy of chromium and iron. Ferrochrome can then be further refined to obtain pure chromium metal, which is cast into ingots or powders for various applications. The specific production techniques may vary depending on the desired form and purity of the final chromium product.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of chromium and chromium articles under hs code 811221 include chromite ore, energy sources for smelting and refining, and specialized equipment such as furnaces, casting molds, and powder processing machinery. Additionally, the production process may require other alloying elements, fluxing agents, and various chemicals depending on the specific applications.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of hs code 811221 are unwrought chromium, chromium powders, and various chromium-based articles and products. These outputs may be further consumed by other industries, such as 720810 Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, 732619 Other cast articles of iron or steel, and 848180 Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like, where chromium is used for its corrosion resistance, hardness, and other desirable properties.

Revisions to 811221

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 811221. The most recent 1 version of this code (811221) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 811221 ( HS v2017).

Older versions

Family tree for chromium and articles thereof; unwrought chromium, powders

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/81'>81: Metals; n.e.c., cermets and articles thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8112'>8112: Beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and thallium; and articles of these metals, including waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811221'>811221: Chromium and articles thereof; unwrought chromium, powders</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811212'>811212: Beryllium and articles thereof; unwrought beryllium, powders</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811213'>811213: Beryllium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811219'>811219: Beryllium and articles thereof; wrought other than waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811222'>811222: Chromium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811229'>811229: Chromium and articles thereof; wrought other than waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811251'>811251: Thallium and articles thereof; unwrought thallium, powders</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811252'>811252: Thallium; waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811259'>811259: Thallium and articles thereof; other than unwrought thallium, powders or waste and scrap</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811292'>811292: Gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and vanadium; articles thereof, unwrought, including waste and scrap, powders</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/811299'>811299: Gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and vanadium; articles thereof, other than unwrought including waste and scrap and powders</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight