Tungsten (wolfram); waste and scrap

hs code 810197 covers tungsten (also known as wolfram), a rare and valuable metal with a wide range of industrial applications. Tungsten is prized for its high melting point, strength, and heat resistance, making it essential in the production of tools, machinery, and various high-performance components. As a key material in the manufacturing and construction sectors, the tungsten industry plays a vital role in supporting economic growth and technological advancement across numerous industries.

The production of tungsten typically involves mining and processing tungsten-containing ores, such as scheelite and wolframite. The ore is crushed, concentrated, and then chemically treated to extract the pure tungsten metal. This is followed by various refining and alloying processes to produce tungsten powder, ingots, or other intermediate products suitable for further industrial applications.

The main inputs required for the tungsten industry include tungsten-bearing ores, as well as energy sources, chemical reagents, and specialized equipment for mining, processing, and refining the metal. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce with expertise in metallurgy, engineering, and materials science to ensure efficient and high-quality production.

The primary outputs of the tungsten industry are various forms of the metal, including tungsten powder, ingots, and alloys. These products are then consumed by a wide range of industries, such as 820720 Interchangeable tools for hand tools, 848620 Machines and apparatus for the manufacture of semiconductor devices or of electronic integrated circuits, and 940510 Chandeliers and other electric ceiling or wall lighting fittings, where tungsten's unique properties make it an essential material.