Ferro-alloys; ferro-niobium

HS v2017 Code: 720293

About ferro-alloys; ferro-niobium

HS code 720293 covers ferro-niobium, a critical ferro-alloy used in the production of high-strength, heat-resistant steel and superalloys. Ferro-niobium plays a vital role in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and energy, where its unique properties contribute to the development of advanced materials. As a key component in the global supply chain, the ferro-niobium industry is an important part of the broader metal and mining sector, supporting economic growth and technological innovation across various industries.

Production process

Ferro-niobium is typically produced through the reduction of niobium oxide with a carbon-containing reductant, such as coke or charcoal, in an electric arc furnace. The process involves melting the raw materials, allowing the niobium to separate from impurities and form the desired ferro-alloy. Careful control of temperature, reaction time, and other parameters is crucial to ensure the production of high-quality ferro-niobium with the desired chemical composition and physical properties.

Production inputs

The main inputs for the ferro-niobium industry include niobium ore or concentrate, carbon-based reductants, and electricity to power the electric arc furnaces. Specialized equipment, such as furnaces, casting molds, and material handling systems, are also essential for the production process. Additionally, skilled labor and technical expertise are required to operate the production facilities and ensure the quality of the final product.

Production outputs

Ferro-niobium produced under HS code 720293 is primarily used as an alloying element in the manufacture of 720221 Ferro-chromium, 720241 Ferro-molybdenum, and 720260 Ferro-nickel to create high-performance steel and superalloys. These materials are then consumed by industries such as 8411 Turbojets, turbopropellers and other gas turbines, 8703 Motor cars and other motor vehicles, and 8411 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances.

Revisions to 720293

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 720293. The most recent 1 version of this code (720293) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 720293 ( HS v2017).

Newer versions
Older versions

Family tree for ferro-alloys; ferro-niobium

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/72'>72: Iron and steel</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7202'>7202: Ferro-alloys</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720293'>720293: Ferro-alloys; ferro-niobium</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720211'>720211: Ferro-alloys; ferro-manganese, containing by weight more than 2% of carbon</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720219'>720219: Ferro-alloys; ferro-manganese, containing by weight 2% or less of carbon</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720221'>720221: Ferro-alloys; ferro-silicon, containing by weight more than 55% of silicon</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720229'>720229: Ferro-alloys; ferro-silicon, containing by weight 55% or less of silicon</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720230'>720230: Ferro-alloys; ferro-silico-manganese</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720241'>720241: Ferro-alloys; ferro-chromium, containing by weight more than 4% of carbon</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720249'>720249: Ferro-alloys; ferro-chromium, containing by weight 4% or less of carbon</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720250'>720250: Ferro-alloys; ferro-silico-chromium</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720260'>720260: Ferro-alloys; ferro-nickel</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720270'>720270: Ferro-alloys; ferro-molybdenum</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720280'>720280: Ferro-alloys; ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720291'>720291: Ferro-alloys; ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720292'>720292: Ferro-alloys; ferro-vanadium</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/720299'>720299: Ferro-alloys; n.e.c. in heading no. 7202</a>"]

    

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