Iron and steel

HS v2017 Code: 72

Chapter	Heading	Sub-heading
72	n/a	n/a

Code	72
Version	HS v2017
Hierarchy Level	2
Datasource	WCO

This Code: Iron and steel

Child Codes: Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products, width 600mm or more, cold-rolled (cold-reduced), not clad, plated or coated; Stainless steel; flat-rolled products of width less than 600mm; Alloy steel bars, rods, shapes and sections; hollow drill bars and rods, of alloy or non-alloy steel; Wire of other alloy steel; Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products, width 600mm or more, clad, plated or coated; Alloy steel flat-rolled products, of a width of less than 600mm; Pig iron and spiegeleisen in pigs, blocks or other primary forms; Ferrous waste and scrap; remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel; Stainless steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of stainless steel; Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products, width less than 600mm, not clad, plated or coated; Alloy steel flat-rolled products, of a width 600mm or more; Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, n.e.c. in chapter 72; Stainless steel bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils; Steel, alloy; bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils; Granules and powders, of pig iron, spiegeleisen, iron or steel; Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils; Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, not further worked than forged, hot-rolled, hot drawn or hot-extruded, but including those twisted after rolling; Iron and non-alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms (excluding iron of heading no. 7203); Iron or non-alloy steel, angles, shapes and sections; Stainless steel wire; Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products of a width of 600mm or more, hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated; Ferro-alloys; Wire of iron or non-alloy steel; Ferrous products obtained by direct reduction of iron ore and other spongy ferrous products, in lumps, pellets or the like; iron having a minimum purity of 99.94%, in lumps, pellets or similar forms; Stainless steel; flat-rolled products of width of 600mm or more; Stainless steel bars and rods, angles, shapes and sections; Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products thereof; Alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms, semi-finished products of other alloy steel; Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products, width less than 600mm, clad, plated or coated

About iron and steel

HS code 72 covers a wide range of iron and steel products, which are essential materials for various industries, including construction, automotive, machinery, and infrastructure development. The iron and steel industry is a crucial component of the global economy, providing the raw materials necessary for the manufacture of a vast array of products. This industry's importance cannot be overstated, as it underpins the development and growth of many other sectors.

Production process

The production of iron and steel involves several key steps, including mining and processing of iron ore, coking of coal, and the smelting and refining of the raw materials. Modern steel mills employ advanced technologies, such as 72 Iron and steel continuous casting and electric arc furnaces, to improve efficiency and product quality.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the iron and steel industry include iron ore, coal, limestone, and various alloying elements, such as chromium, nickel, and manganese. Additionally, the industry relies on specialized machinery, such as blast furnaces, rolling mills, and casting equipment, as well as a skilled workforce to operate these complex production systems.

Production outputs

The iron and steel industry produces a wide range of products, including 72 Iron and steel, 73 Articles of iron or steel, 74 Copper and articles thereof, and 76 Aluminum and articles thereof. These materials are then consumed by various downstream industries, such as construction, automotive, and machinery manufacturing.

Family tree for iron and steel

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/72'>72: Iron and steel</a>"]

    
    A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7201'>7201: Pig iron and spiegeleisen in pigs, blocks or other primary forms</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7202'>7202: Ferro-alloys</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7203'>7203: Ferrous products obtained by direct reduction of iron ore and other spongy ferrous products, in lumps, pellets or the like; iron having a minimum purity of 99.94%, in lumps, pellets or similar forms</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7204'>7204: Ferrous waste and scrap; remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7205'>7205: Granules and powders, of pig iron, spiegeleisen, iron or steel</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7206'>7206: Iron and non-alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms (excluding iron of heading no. 7203)</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7207'>7207: Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products thereof</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7208'>7208: Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products of a width of 600mm or more, hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7209'>7209: Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products, width 600mm or more, cold-rolled (cold-reduced), not clad, plated or coated</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7210'>7210: Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products, width 600mm or more, clad, plated or coated</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7211'>7211: Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products, width less than 600mm, not clad, plated or coated</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7212'>7212: Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products, width less than 600mm, clad, plated or coated</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7213'>7213: Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7214'>7214: Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, not further worked than forged, hot-rolled, hot drawn or hot-extruded, but including those twisted after rolling</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7215'>7215: Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, n.e.c. in chapter 72</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7216'>7216: Iron or non-alloy steel, angles, shapes and sections</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7217'>7217: Wire of iron or non-alloy steel</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7218'>7218: Stainless steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of stainless steel</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7219'>7219: Stainless steel; flat-rolled products of width of 600mm or more</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7220'>7220: Stainless steel; flat-rolled products of width less than 600mm</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7221'>7221: Stainless steel bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils</a>"]
A --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7222'>7222: Stainless steel bars and rods, angles, shapes and sections</a>"]
A --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7223'>7223: Stainless steel wire</a>"]
A --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7224'>7224: Alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms, semi-finished products of other alloy steel</a>"]
A --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7225'>7225: Alloy steel flat-rolled products, of a width 600mm or more</a>"]
A --> BA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7226'>7226: Alloy steel flat-rolled products, of a width of less than 600mm</a>"]
A --> BB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7227'>7227: Steel, alloy; bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils</a>"]
A --> BC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7228'>7228: Alloy steel bars, rods, shapes and sections; hollow drill bars and rods, of alloy or non-alloy steel</a>"]
A --> BD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7229'>7229: Wire of other alloy steel</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level4
class X level4
class Y level4
class Z level4
class BA level4
class BB level4
class BC level4
class BD level4

  class A highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class A highlight