Dyes; acid, whether or not premetallised and preparations based thereon, mordant dyes and preparations based thereon

HS v2017 Code: 320412

About dyes; acid, whether or not premetallised and preparations based thereon, mordant dyes and preparations based thereon

HS code 320412 covers a range of acid dyes and preparations based on them, as well as mordant dyes and related products. These dyes play a crucial role in the textile, paper, and other industries, providing vibrant and long-lasting coloration to a wide variety of materials. As an essential component of the global supply chain, the production and trade of these dyes contribute significantly to the broader economy.

Production process

The production of acid and mordant dyes involves a series of chemical reactions and purification processes. Manufacturers typically start with organic compounds, such as aromatic amines or phenols, and subject them to sulfonation, diazotization, and coupling reactions to create the desired dye structures. Subsequent steps may include metal complexation, reduction, or other modifications to achieve the desired properties and performance characteristics.

Production inputs

The production of HS code 320412 dyes requires a range of raw materials, including organic chemicals, acids, bases, and various auxiliary chemicals. Specialized equipment, such as reactors, filtration systems, and drying units, is also essential for the manufacturing process. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce with expertise in organic chemistry, process engineering, and quality control.

Production outputs

The dyes and preparations classified under HS code 320412 are primarily used in the textile, paper, and leather industries, where they provide vibrant and long-lasting coloration to a wide range of products. These dyes may also find applications in the production of 320411 Dyes; disperse, including those of a kind used in the manufacture of man-made textile fibres, 320419 Dyes; synthetic organic, n.e.c. in heading no. 3204, and other related 3204 Synthetic organic colouring matter, whether or not chemically defined; preparations as specified in note 3 to this chapter; synthetic organic products of a kind used as fluorescent brightening agents or as luminophores, whether or not chemically defined products.

Revisions to 320412

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 320412. The most recent 1 version of this code (320412) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 320412 ( HS v2017).

Family tree for dyes; acid, whether or not premetallised and preparations based thereon, mordant dyes and preparations based thereon

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/32'>32: Tanning or dyeing extracts; tannins and their derivatives; dyes, pigments and other colouring matter; paints, varnishes; putty, other mastics; inks</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3204'>3204: Synthetic organic colouring matter and preparations based thereon; synthetic organic products used as fluorescent brightening agents or as luminophores; whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/320412'>320412: Dyes; acid, whether or not premetallised and preparations based thereon, mordant dyes and preparations based thereon</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/320411'>320411: Dyes; disperse dyes and preparations based thereon</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/320413'>320413: Dyes; basic dyes and preparations based thereon</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/320414'>320414: Dyes; direct dyes and preparations based thereon</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/320415'>320415: Dyes; vat dyes (including those usable in that state as pigments) and preparations based thereon</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/320416'>320416: Dyes; reactive dyes and preparations based thereon</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/320417'>320417: Dyes; pigments and preparations based thereon</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/320419'>320419: Dyes; n.e.c., including mixtures of colouring matter of two or more of those from item no. 3204.11 to 3204.19</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/320420'>320420: Dyes; synthetic organic products of a kind used as fluorescent brightening agents</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/320490'>320490: Dyes; synthetic organic products n.e.c. in heading no. 3204 (e.g. of a kind used as luminophores), whether or not chemically defined</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight