Antibiotics

HS v2017 Code: 2941

Chapter	Heading	Sub-heading
29	41	n/a

Code	2941
Version	HS v2017
Hierarchy Level	4
Datasource	WCO
Chapter	29

Ancestor Codes: Organic chemicals

This Code: Antibiotics

Child Codes: Antibiotics; penicillins and their derivatives with a penicillanic acid structure; salts thereof; Antibiotics; erythromycin and its derivatives; salts thereof; Antibiotics; streptomycins and their derivatives; salts thereof; Antibiotics; n.e.c. in heading no. 2941; Antibiotics; chloramphenicol and its derivatives; salts thereof; Antibiotics; tetracyclines and their derivatives; salts thereof

Sibling Codes (Nearest 5): Hormones, prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, natural or reproduced by synthesis; derivatives and structural analogues thereof, including chain modified polypeptides, used primarily as hormones.; Glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives; Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives; Sugars, chemically pure, other than sucrose, lactose, maltose, glucose and fructose; sugar ethers, sugar acetals and sugar esters, and their salts, other than the products of heading 29.37, 29.38, or 29.39; Organic compounds; n.e.c. in chapter 29

About antibiotics

HS code 2941 covers a wide range of antibiotics, which are substances produced by various microorganisms that have the ability to inhibit or destroy other microorganisms. Antibiotics play a crucial role in modern medicine, as they are used to treat and prevent bacterial infections in both humans and animals. The antibiotics industry is a vital component of the global pharmaceutical sector, contributing significantly to public health and the overall economy.

Production process

The production of antibiotics typically involves a multi-step fermentation process. This process starts with the cultivation of specific microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, which are capable of producing the desired antibiotic compounds. The microorganisms are then grown in a controlled environment, often in large-scale fermentation tanks, where they are provided with the necessary nutrients and conditions to stimulate the production of the antibiotic. After the fermentation process, the antibiotic compounds are extracted, purified, and formulated into various pharmaceutical products.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of antibiotics include the specific microorganisms used as the starting material, as well as various nutrients and growth media to support their cultivation. Additionally, the industry relies on specialized equipment and machinery, such as fermentation tanks, centrifuges, and purification systems, to facilitate the production and processing of the antibiotic compounds. Other key inputs may include various chemical reagents and solvents used in the extraction and purification stages.

Production outputs

The primary output of the antibiotics industry is a wide range of pharmaceutical products, including tablets, capsules, injections, and topical formulations, which are used to treat bacterial infections in both humans and animals. The antibiotics produced under HS code 2941 may be consumed by various other industries, such as 3004 (Medicaments (excluding goods of heading 3002, 3005 or 3006)) and 3006 Pharmaceutical goods specified in Note 4 to this Chapter.

Family tree for antibiotics

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2941'>2941: Antibiotics</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2901'>2901: Acyclic hydrocarbons</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2902'>2902: Cyclic hydrocarbons</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2903'>2903: Halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2904'>2904: Sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of hydrocarbons; whether or not halogenated</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2905'>2905: Acyclic alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2906'>2906: Alcohols; cyclic, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2907'>2907: Phenols; monophenols, polyphenols, and phenol-alcohols</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2908'>2908: Phenols or phenol-alcohols; halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2909'>2909: Ethers, ether-alcohols, ether-phenols, ether-alcohol-phenols, alcohol peroxides, ether peroxides, ketone peroxides (chemically defined or not); halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated, nitrosated derivative</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2910'>2910: Epoxides, epoxyalcohols, epoxyphenols and epoxyethers; with a three-membered ring and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2911'>2911: Acetals and hemiacetals; whether or not with other oxygen function, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrostated derivatives</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2912'>2912: Aldehydes, whether or not with other oxygen function; cyclic polymers of aldehydes; paraformaldehyde</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2913'>2913: Aldehydes; halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of products of heading no. 2912</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2914'>2914: Ketones and quinones; whether or not with other oxygen function, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrostated derivatives</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2915'>2915: Acids; saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2916'>2916: Acids; unsaturated acyclic monocarboxylic, cyclic monocarboxylic, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2917'>2917: Acids; polycarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxy-acids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2918'>2918: Acids; carboxylic acid with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2919'>2919: Esters; phosphoric, and their salts, including lactophosphates, their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2920'>2920: Esters of other inorganic acids of non-metals (other than of hydrogen halides) and their salts, their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2921'>2921: Amine-function compounds</a>"]
A --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2922'>2922: Oxygen-function amino-compounds</a>"]
A --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2923'>2923: Quaternary ammonium salts and hydroxides; lecithins and other phosphoaminolipids, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2924'>2924: Carboxyamide-function compounds; amide-function compounds of carbonic acid</a>"]
A --> BA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2925'>2925: Carboxyimide-function compounds (including saccharin and its salts) and imine-function compounds</a>"]
A --> BB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2926'>2926: Nitrile-function compounds</a>"]
A --> BC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2927'>2927: Diazo-, azo- or azoxy-compounds</a>"]
A --> BD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2928'>2928: Organic derivatives of hydrazine or of hydroxylamine</a>"]
A --> BE["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2929'>2929: Nitrogen-function compounds, n.e.c. in chapter 29</a>"]
A --> BF["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2930'>2930: Organo-sulphur compounds</a>"]
A --> BG["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2931'>2931: Other organo-inorganic compounds</a>"]
A --> BH["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2932'>2932: Heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only</a>"]
A --> BI["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2933'>2933: Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only</a>"]
A --> BJ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2934'>2934: Nucleic acids and their salts, whether or not chemically defined; other heterocyclic compounds</a>"]
A --> BK["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2935'>2935: Sulphonamides</a>"]
A --> BL["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2936'>2936: Provitamins, vitamins; natural or reproduced by synthesis (including natural concentrates) derivatives thereof used as vitamins, and intermixtures of the fore-going, whether or not in any solvent</a>"]
A --> BM["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2937'>2937: Hormones, prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, natural or reproduced by synthesis; derivatives and structural analogues thereof, including chain modified polypeptides, used primarily as hormones.</a>"]
A --> BN["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2938'>2938: Glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives</a>"]
A --> BO["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2939'>2939: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives</a>"]
A --> BP["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2940'>2940: Sugars, chemically pure, other than sucrose, lactose, maltose, glucose and fructose; sugar ethers, sugar acetals and sugar esters, and their salts, other than the products of heading 29.37, 29.38, or 29.39</a>"]
A --> BQ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2942'>2942: Organic compounds; n.e.c. in chapter 29</a>"]

    B --> BR["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/294110'>294110: Antibiotics; penicillins and their derivatives with a penicillanic acid structure; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> BS["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/294120'>294120: Antibiotics; streptomycins and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> BT["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/294130'>294130: Antibiotics; tetracyclines and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> BU["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/294140'>294140: Antibiotics; chloramphenicol and its derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> BV["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/294150'>294150: Antibiotics; erythromycin and its derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> BW["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/294190'>294190: Antibiotics; n.e.c. in heading no. 2941</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level4
class X level4
class Y level4
class Z level4
class BA level4
class BB level4
class BC level4
class BD level4
class BE level4
class BF level4
class BG level4
class BH level4
class BI level4
class BJ level4
class BK level4
class BL level4
class BM level4
class BN level4
class BO level4
class BP level4
class BQ level4
class BR level6
class BS level6
class BT level6
class BU level6
class BV level6
class BW level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight