Glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives

HS v2017 Code: 2938

Chapter	Heading	Sub-heading
29	38	n/a

Code	2938
Version	HS v2017
Hierarchy Level	4
Datasource	WCO
Chapter	29

Ancestor Codes: Organic chemicals

This Code: Glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives

Child Codes: Glycosides; rutoside (rutin) and its derivatives; Glycosides; natural or reproduced by synthesis, other than rutoside (rutin) and its derivatives

Sibling Codes (Nearest 5): Sulphonamides; Provitamins, vitamins; natural or reproduced by synthesis (including natural concentrates) derivatives thereof used as vitamins, and intermixtures of the fore-going, whether or not in any solvent; Hormones, prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, natural or reproduced by synthesis; derivatives and structural analogues thereof, including chain modified polypeptides, used primarily as hormones.; Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives; Sugars, chemically pure, other than sucrose, lactose, maltose, glucose and fructose; sugar ethers, sugar acetals and sugar esters, and their salts, other than the products of heading 29.37, 29.38, or 29.39

About glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives

HS code 2938 covers a diverse range of organic compounds known as glycosides. These naturally occurring or synthetically produced substances play a vital role in various industries, from pharmaceuticals and cosmetics to food and agriculture. Glycosides are composed of a sugar molecule (glycone) bonded to a non-sugar molecule (aglycone), and they exhibit a wide array of biological activities, making them valuable in numerous applications across the global economy.

Production process

The production of glycosides typically involves extraction from natural sources, such as plants, or synthesis through chemical processes. Natural glycosides are often isolated from the leaves, roots, or other parts of plants using techniques like maceration, percolation, or supercritical fluid extraction. Synthetic glycosides, on the other hand, are produced by reacting a sugar molecule with a suitable aglycone compound, often using catalysts and controlled reaction conditions to achieve the desired molecular structure and properties.

Production inputs

The primary inputs for the glycoside industry include a diverse range of raw materials, such as plant extracts, sugars, and various organic compounds. Specialized equipment, such as extraction systems, reactors, and purification units, are also essential for the production and processing of glycosides. Additionally, the industry relies on skilled personnel, including chemists, process engineers, and quality control specialists, to ensure the efficient and safe manufacture of these valuable compounds.

Production outputs

The glycoside industry produces a wide range of outputs, including pharmaceutical ingredients, food additives, cosmetic compounds, and agricultural products. These glycosides may be further processed or incorporated into 3004 Medicaments or 3302 Perfumes and cosmetics for various applications. Additionally, some glycosides may be used as precursors or intermediates in the production of other chemicals, such as 2939 Alkaloids, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives.

Family tree for glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2938'>2938: Glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2901'>2901: Acyclic hydrocarbons</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2902'>2902: Cyclic hydrocarbons</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2903'>2903: Halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2904'>2904: Sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of hydrocarbons; whether or not halogenated</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2905'>2905: Acyclic alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2906'>2906: Alcohols; cyclic, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2907'>2907: Phenols; monophenols, polyphenols, and phenol-alcohols</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2908'>2908: Phenols or phenol-alcohols; halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2909'>2909: Ethers, ether-alcohols, ether-phenols, ether-alcohol-phenols, alcohol peroxides, ether peroxides, ketone peroxides (chemically defined or not); halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated, nitrosated derivative</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2910'>2910: Epoxides, epoxyalcohols, epoxyphenols and epoxyethers; with a three-membered ring and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2911'>2911: Acetals and hemiacetals; whether or not with other oxygen function, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrostated derivatives</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2912'>2912: Aldehydes, whether or not with other oxygen function; cyclic polymers of aldehydes; paraformaldehyde</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2913'>2913: Aldehydes; halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of products of heading no. 2912</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2914'>2914: Ketones and quinones; whether or not with other oxygen function, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrostated derivatives</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2915'>2915: Acids; saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2916'>2916: Acids; unsaturated acyclic monocarboxylic, cyclic monocarboxylic, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2917'>2917: Acids; polycarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxy-acids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2918'>2918: Acids; carboxylic acid with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2919'>2919: Esters; phosphoric, and their salts, including lactophosphates, their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2920'>2920: Esters of other inorganic acids of non-metals (other than of hydrogen halides) and their salts, their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
A --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2921'>2921: Amine-function compounds</a>"]
A --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2922'>2922: Oxygen-function amino-compounds</a>"]
A --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2923'>2923: Quaternary ammonium salts and hydroxides; lecithins and other phosphoaminolipids, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2924'>2924: Carboxyamide-function compounds; amide-function compounds of carbonic acid</a>"]
A --> BA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2925'>2925: Carboxyimide-function compounds (including saccharin and its salts) and imine-function compounds</a>"]
A --> BB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2926'>2926: Nitrile-function compounds</a>"]
A --> BC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2927'>2927: Diazo-, azo- or azoxy-compounds</a>"]
A --> BD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2928'>2928: Organic derivatives of hydrazine or of hydroxylamine</a>"]
A --> BE["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2929'>2929: Nitrogen-function compounds, n.e.c. in chapter 29</a>"]
A --> BF["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2930'>2930: Organo-sulphur compounds</a>"]
A --> BG["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2931'>2931: Other organo-inorganic compounds</a>"]
A --> BH["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2932'>2932: Heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only</a>"]
A --> BI["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2933'>2933: Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only</a>"]
A --> BJ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2934'>2934: Nucleic acids and their salts, whether or not chemically defined; other heterocyclic compounds</a>"]
A --> BK["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2935'>2935: Sulphonamides</a>"]
A --> BL["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2936'>2936: Provitamins, vitamins; natural or reproduced by synthesis (including natural concentrates) derivatives thereof used as vitamins, and intermixtures of the fore-going, whether or not in any solvent</a>"]
A --> BM["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2937'>2937: Hormones, prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, natural or reproduced by synthesis; derivatives and structural analogues thereof, including chain modified polypeptides, used primarily as hormones.</a>"]
A --> BN["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2939'>2939: Alkaloids; natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives</a>"]
A --> BO["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2940'>2940: Sugars, chemically pure, other than sucrose, lactose, maltose, glucose and fructose; sugar ethers, sugar acetals and sugar esters, and their salts, other than the products of heading 29.37, 29.38, or 29.39</a>"]
A --> BP["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2941'>2941: Antibiotics</a>"]
A --> BQ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2942'>2942: Organic compounds; n.e.c. in chapter 29</a>"]

    B --> BR["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293810'>293810: Glycosides; rutoside (rutin) and its derivatives</a>"]
B --> BS["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/293890'>293890: Glycosides; natural or reproduced by synthesis, other than rutoside (rutin) and its derivatives</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level4
class X level4
class Y level4
class Z level4
class BA level4
class BB level4
class BC level4
class BD level4
class BE level4
class BF level4
class BG level4
class BH level4
class BI level4
class BJ level4
class BK level4
class BL level4
class BM level4
class BN level4
class BO level4
class BP level4
class BQ level4
class BR level6
class BS level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight