Antibiotics; penicillins and their derivatives with a penicillanic acid structure; salts thereof

HS v2017 Code: 294110

About antibiotics; penicillins and their derivatives with a penicillanic acid structure; salts thereof

HS code 294110 covers the production and trade of antibiotics, specifically penicillins and their derivatives with a penicillanic acid structure, as well as their salts. Antibiotics are essential pharmaceutical products that play a crucial role in modern healthcare, treating a wide range of bacterial infections and contributing to improved public health outcomes. The penicillin class of antibiotics is one of the most widely used and important groups, making the 294110 industry a significant component of the broader pharmaceutical sector and the global economy.

Production process

The production of penicillins and their derivatives under HS code 294110 typically involves a multi-step fermentation and chemical synthesis process. The key steps include the cultivation of specific microorganisms, such as Penicillium fungi, to produce the penicillin precursor, followed by various purification, extraction, and chemical modifications to obtain the desired penicillin compounds and their salts.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the 294110 industry include the necessary microorganisms, growth media, and fermentation equipment for the initial production stage. Additionally, the industry relies on various chemical reagents, solvents, and specialized equipment for the subsequent purification, synthesis, and formulation of the final penicillin products. Skilled labor, including microbiologists, chemists, and pharmaceutical technicians, is also a critical input for this industry.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of the 294110 industry are the various forms of penicillins and their derivatives, which are then used as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the production of finished antibiotic drugs. These penicillin-based products are widely consumed by the 300000 Pharmaceutical Products industry, as well as the 380000 Miscellaneous Chemical Products industry for the formulation of specialized medical and healthcare products.

Revisions to 294110

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 294110. The most recent 1 version of this code (294110) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 294110 ( HS v2017).

Family tree for antibiotics; penicillins and their derivatives with a penicillanic acid structure; salts thereof

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2941'>2941: Antibiotics</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/294110'>294110: Antibiotics; penicillins and their derivatives with a penicillanic acid structure; salts thereof</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/294120'>294120: Antibiotics; streptomycins and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/294130'>294130: Antibiotics; tetracyclines and their derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/294140'>294140: Antibiotics; chloramphenicol and its derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/294150'>294150: Antibiotics; erythromycin and its derivatives; salts thereof</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/294190'>294190: Antibiotics; n.e.c. in heading no. 2941</a>"]

    

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