Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), lactic acid, its salts and esters

HS v2017 Code: 291811

About acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), lactic acid, its salts and esters

HS code 291811 covers a range of carboxylic acids with an alcohol function, including the important compound lactic acid. These chemicals are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries, playing a crucial role in various manufacturing processes and end-products. As a key component of the broader organic chemicals sector, this industry contributes significantly to the global economy and international trade.

Production process

The primary production method for the chemicals under HS code 291811 is chemical synthesis. This typically involves the fermentation of carbohydrates, such as glucose, to produce lactic acid, which can then be further processed and derivatized to create other carboxylic acids with alcohol functions. Purification steps, such as distillation and crystallization, are often employed to obtain the desired purity levels for commercial applications.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of the chemicals covered by HS code 291811 include carbohydrate feedstocks (e.g., glucose, sucrose), catalysts, solvents, and specialized processing equipment. Fermentation organisms, such as certain strains of bacteria, are also essential for the production of lactic acid. Additionally, the industry relies on a range of supporting industries, including 842139 Filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for gases.

Production outputs

The chemicals classified under HS code 291811 are used in a wide range of industries, including food and beverage production, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and various industrial applications. Lactic acid, for example, is used as a preservative, acidulant, and flavoring agent in the food industry, as well as an active ingredient in certain pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. Other carboxylic acids with alcohol functions may be used as intermediates in the production of 291570 (Esters of other inorganic acids (excluding esters of hydrogen halides) and their salts; and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives), 291590 Esters of other organic acids and their salts; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives, and 291700 Carboxylic acids with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives.

Revisions to 291811

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 291811. The most recent 1 version of this code (291811) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 291811 ( HS v2017).

Family tree for acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), lactic acid, its salts and esters

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2918'>2918: Acids; carboxylic acid with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291811'>291811: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), lactic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291812'>291812: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), tartaric acid</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291813'>291813: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function); salts and esters of tartaric acid</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291814'>291814: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), citric acid</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291815'>291815: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), salts and esters of citric acid</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291816'>291816: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), gluconic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291817'>291817: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), 2,2-Diphenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid (benzilic acid)</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291818'>291818: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), chlorobenzilate (ISO)</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291819'>291819: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with alcohol function but without other oxygen function), other than lactic, tartaric, citric, and gluconic acids and their salts and esters</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291821'>291821: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), salicylic acid and its salts</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291822'>291822: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), o-acetylsalicylic acid, its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291823'>291823: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), other esters of salicylic acid and its salts n.e.c. in item no. 2918.2</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291829'>291829: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with phenol function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives, n.e.c. in item no. 2918.2</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291830'>291830: Acids; carboxylic acids, (with aldehyde or ketone function but without other oxygen function), their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291891'>291891: Acids; carboxylic acids, with additional oxygen function (not alcohol, phenol, aldehyde or ketone) and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; 2,4,5-T (ISO) (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid), its salts and esters</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291899'>291899: Acids; carboxylic acids, with additional oxygen function (not alcohol, phenol, aldehyde or ketone) and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; other than 2,4,5-T (ISO)</a>"]

    

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