Manganese oxides

HS v2017 Code: 2820

Chapter	Heading	Sub-heading
28	20	n/a

Code	2820
Version	HS v2017
Hierarchy Level	4
Datasource	WCO
Chapter	28

Ancestor Codes: Inorganic chemicals; organic and inorganic compounds of precious metals; of rare earth metals, of radio-active elements and of isotopes

This Code: Manganese oxides

Child Codes: Manganese dioxide; Manganese oxides; excluding manganese dioxide

Sibling Codes (Nearest 5): Zinc; oxide and peroxide; Aluminium oxide (including artificial corundum); aluminium hydroxide; Chromium oxides and hydroxides; Iron oxides and hydroxides; earth colours containing 70% or more by weight of combined iron evaluated as Fe2o3; Cobalt oxides and hydroxides; commercial cobalt oxides

About manganese oxides

HS code 2820 covers manganese oxides, a group of chemical compounds that play a crucial role in various industries. Manganese is an essential trace mineral found in the Earth's crust, and its oxides are widely used in the production of steel, batteries, glass, and ceramics, among other applications. As a key component in the manufacturing of essential goods, the manganese oxides industry is an integral part of the global economy.

Production process

Manganese oxides are typically produced through the thermal or electrochemical oxidation of manganese metal or manganese-containing ores. The most common production method involves roasting manganese ores in the presence of air, which causes the manganese to react with oxygen and form various oxide compounds. These oxides are then further processed and refined to meet the specific requirements of different industries.

Production inputs

The primary inputs for the manganese oxides industry include manganese-containing ores, such as pyrolusite and rhodochrosite, as well as energy sources like electricity or fossil fuels to power the production processes. Additionally, the industry relies on specialized equipment and machinery for mining, processing, and refining the raw materials into the desired manganese oxide products.

Production outputs

The main outputs of the manganese oxides industry include 2820 Manganese oxides, which are used in a wide range of applications. These oxides are commonly consumed by the 7210 Iron and steel industry, where they are used as alloying agents to improve the strength and durability of steel. They are also used in the production of 8506 Primary cells and primary batteries, as well as in the manufacture of 6907 Ceramic products, 7003 Cast glass and rolled glass, and various other industrial and consumer goods.

Family tree for manganese oxides

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/28'>28: Inorganic chemicals; organic and inorganic compounds of precious metals; of rare earth metals, of radio-active elements and of isotopes</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2820'>2820: Manganese oxides</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2801'>2801: Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2802'>2802: Sulphur; sublimed or precipitated, colloidal sulphur</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2803'>2803: Carbon; carbon blacks and other forms of carbon n.e.c.</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2804'>2804: Hydrogen, rare gases and other non-metals</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2805'>2805: Alkali or alkaline-earth metals; rare-earth metals, scandium and yttrium, whether or not intermixed or interalloyed; mercury</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2806'>2806: Hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid); chlorosulphuric acid</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2807'>2807: Sulphuric acid; oleum</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2808'>2808: Nitric acid; sulphonitric acids</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2809'>2809: Diphosphorus pentoxide; phosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acids</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2810'>2810: Oxides of boron; boric acids</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2811'>2811: Inorganic acids and other inorganic oxygen compounds of non-metals; n.e.c. in heading no. 2806 to 2810</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2812'>2812: Halides and halide oxides of non-metals</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2813'>2813: Sulphides of non-metals; commercial phosphorus trisulphide</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2814'>2814: Ammonia; anhydrous or in aqueous solution</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2815'>2815: Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda); potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) peroxides of sodium or potassium</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2816'>2816: Hydroxide and peroxide of magnesium; oxides, hydroxides and peroxides of strontium or barium</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2817'>2817: Zinc; oxide and peroxide</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2818'>2818: Aluminium oxide (including artificial corundum); aluminium hydroxide</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2819'>2819: Chromium oxides and hydroxides</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2821'>2821: Iron oxides and hydroxides; earth colours containing 70% or more by weight of combined iron evaluated as Fe2o3</a>"]
A --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2822'>2822: Cobalt oxides and hydroxides; commercial cobalt oxides</a>"]
A --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2823'>2823: Titanium oxides</a>"]
A --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2824'>2824: Lead oxides; red lead and orange lead</a>"]
A --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2825'>2825: Hydrazine and hydroxylamine and their inorganic salts; other inorganic bases; other metal oxides, hydroxides and peroxides</a>"]
A --> BA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2826'>2826: Fluorides; fluorosilicates, fluoroaluminates and other complex fluorine salts</a>"]
A --> BB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2827'>2827: Chlorides; chloride oxides and chloride hydroxides; bromides and bromide oxides; iodides and iodide oxides</a>"]
A --> BC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2828'>2828: Hypochlorites; commercial calcium hypochlorite; chlorites; hypobromites</a>"]
A --> BD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2829'>2829: Chlorates and perchlorates; bromates and perbromates; iodates and periodates</a>"]
A --> BE["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2830'>2830: Sulphides; polysulphides whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BF["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2831'>2831: Dithionites and sulphoxylates</a>"]
A --> BG["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2832'>2832: Sulphites; thiosulphates</a>"]
A --> BH["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2833'>2833: Sulphates; alums; peroxosulphates (persulphates)</a>"]
A --> BI["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2834'>2834: Nitrites; nitrates</a>"]
A --> BJ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2835'>2835: Phosphinates (hypophosphites), phosphonates (phosphites), and phosphates; and polyphosphates, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BK["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2836'>2836: Carbonates; peroxocarbonates (percarbonates); commercial ammonium carbonate containing ammonium carbamate</a>"]
A --> BL["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2837'>2837: Cyanides, cyanide oxides and complex cyanides</a>"]
A --> BM["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2839'>2839: Silicates; commercial alkali metal silicates</a>"]
A --> BN["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2840'>2840: Borates; peroxoborates (perborates)</a>"]
A --> BO["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2841'>2841: Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids</a>"]
A --> BP["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2842'>2842: Salts of inorganic acids or peroxoacids, n.e.c. including aluminosilicates whether or not chemically defined, but excluding azides</a>"]
A --> BQ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2843'>2843: Colloidal precious metals; inorganic or organic compounds of precious metals, whether or not chemically defined; amalgams of precious metals</a>"]
A --> BR["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2844'>2844: Radioactive chemical elements and radioactive isotopes (including the fissile or fertile chemical elements and isotopes); and their compounds; mixtures and residues containing these products</a>"]
A --> BS["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2845'>2845: Isotopes other than those of heading no. 2844; compounds, inorganic or organic, of such isotopes, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BT["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2846'>2846: Compounds, inorganic or organic, of rare-earth metals; of yttrium or of scandium or of mixtures of these metals</a>"]
A --> BU["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2847'>2847: Hydrogen peroxide; whether or not solidified with urea</a>"]
A --> BV["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2849'>2849: Carbides, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BW["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2850'>2850: Hydrides, nitrides, azides, silicides and borides, whether or not chemically defined, other than compounds which are also carbides of heading no. 2849</a>"]
A --> BX["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2852'>2852: Inorganic or organic compounds of mercury, excluding amalgams, whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> BY["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2853'>2853: Phosphides, chemically defined or not, not ferrophosphorus; other inorganic compounds n.e.c. (including distilled, conductivity water and water of like purity); liquid air, rare gases removed or not; compressed air; amalgams, not precious metal amalgams</a>"]

    B --> BZ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/282010'>282010: Manganese dioxide</a>"]
B --> CA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/282090'>282090: Manganese oxides; excluding manganese dioxide</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level4
class X level4
class Y level4
class Z level4
class BA level4
class BB level4
class BC level4
class BD level4
class BE level4
class BF level4
class BG level4
class BH level4
class BI level4
class BJ level4
class BK level4
class BL level4
class BM level4
class BN level4
class BO level4
class BP level4
class BQ level4
class BR level4
class BS level4
class BT level4
class BU level4
class BV level4
class BW level4
class BX level4
class BY level4
class BZ level6
class CA level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight