Manganese oxides; excluding manganese dioxide

HS code 282090 covers a range of manganese oxides, excluding manganese dioxide. Manganese is a critical mineral used in various industries, including steel production, battery manufacturing, and chemical synthesis. The manganese oxides described by this code play a vital role in the global economy, supporting the development of essential products and technologies.

Manganese oxides are typically produced through the thermal or electrochemical oxidation of manganese metal or compounds. The specific production techniques may vary depending on the desired oxide composition and purity. Common methods include roasting, calcination, and electrolytic processes, which involve carefully controlling temperature, pressure, and other parameters to achieve the target manganese oxide characteristics.

The production of manganese oxides under HS code 282090 requires several key inputs, including raw manganese ores or compounds, energy sources for heating and processing, and specialized equipment such as furnaces, reactors, and purification systems. The availability and quality of these inputs can significantly impact the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the manufacturing process.

The manganese oxides produced under HS code 282090 find applications in a wide range of industries. They are used as pigments, catalysts, and oxidizing agents in various chemical processes. The outputs of this industry may be consumed by manufacturers of 282110 Manganese dioxide, 282200 Manganese chlorides, and 284690 Other inorganic compounds, among others, who incorporate these manganese oxides into their own products and processes.